問題詳情
請依下文回答第 38 題至第 42 題It has long been noticed by experts on juvenile delinquency that after the mid-teens, the crime rate declines.The question is: What causes the decline to occur?Now, there are a number of explanations for the aging-out or desistance phenomenon. Many researchespoint out that the aging-out process is a function of the natural history of the human life cycle. Adolescentcriminality coincides with the emergence of major sources of reinforcement for delinquent behavior: money,sex, and peers who defy conventional morality. At the same time, the child is becoming more independent ofparents and other adults who enforce conventional standards. The new sense of energy and strength, coupledwith a lack of economic and social skills and relationships with peers who are similarly vigorous and frustrated,creates the conditions needed for a rise in criminality.Why does the crime rate then decline? Studies indicate that small gains from petty crime lose their powerto reinforce criminal behavior as a child matures and develops legitimate sources of money, sex, alcohol, andstatus. As adults, former delinquents develop increasingly powerful ties to conventional society, not the least ofwhich is the acquisition of a family. Adult peers further make crime an unattractive choice by expressingopinions in opposition to risk taking and law violation (“you’re acting childishly”). Along with this sense ofmaturity comes the ability to delay gratification and forgo the immediate gains that law violation brings.
【題組】38 What does the underlined term “desistance phenomenon” refer to?
(A) The rise of criminality in the mid-teens.
(B) The rise of criminality after the mid-teens.
(C) The decline of crime rate in the mid-teens.
(D) The decline of crime rate after the mid-teens.
參考答案
答案：D
難度：非常簡單1
統計：A(0),B(0),C(0),D(1),E(0)