第 43 至 46 題為題組          Crash testing for vehicles is very important in helping minimize deaths, injuries, and property damagefrom vehicle crashes. One unit of the U.S. government responsible for ensuring the correct undertaking ofthis task is the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), a nonprofit, independent scientific body andeducational organization. Another branch of government, the Highway Loss Data Institute, supports themission of the IIHS. Auto insurers also support both organizations.           There are multiple kinds of crash tests for vehicle safety undertaken to provide the necessaryinformation and guidance to vehicle owners. Some examples are frontal impact tests, offset tests, sideimpact tests, and rollover tests. The front-crash test accelerates a car straight into a solid concrete barrier.The scenario mimics what would happen if two cars crash head-on or a single vehicle crashes into a fixedobject. An offset test requires only a portion of the front of the car to impact the barrier or a vehicle. It isimportant since impact forces in this kind of test remain the same as those with the frontal impact test, butonly a small portion of the car absorbs all the force of the impact.           A side impact test simulates a car that is crossing an intersection being hit on the side by a car running ared light. The test is very important since side impact accidents in vehicles result in a high fatality rate. Thishappens because cars usually do not have a significant crumple zone on the side to cushion all the impactforces before the occupant is injured. A rollover test verifies the car’s ability to support itself, especially fromthe pillars supporting the roof, during a dynamic impact.           A lot of crash test programs are practiced around the world and provide necessary safety performancedata based on real-world conditions.
【題組】43. Which of the following is the mission of IIHS?
(A) Car crash investigations.
(B) Vehicle crash testing.
(C) Property damage compensation.
(D) Independent research on insurance policies.