▲ 閱讀下文，回答第 46−50 題       Do your actions sometimes go against your beliefs? Here are some examples that you mayeven notice on your own. You fully understand smoking is harmful to your health, but you do itanyway. You want to lose weight, but don’t exercise regularly or eat a nutritious diet. You believethat if you want a good career, you have to do well in school, but you just cannot give up videogames. The difference between what you are doing and what you believe you should be doingcan cause a feeling of mental discomfort known as “cognitive dissonance.” This term was createdby a psychologist called Leon Festinger in 1954. People with cognitive dissonance may experiencevarious kinds of feelings: anxiety, embarrassment, regret, sadness, shame, or stress. These negativefeelings can also influence how they view themselves, and therefore lower their self-confidenceand self-worth.       To reduce cognitive dissonance, some doctors and psychologists offer three pieces ofadvice: change your behavior, change your thoughts, and justify your behavior and thoughts.Some people can take the advice and put it into practice. One example is that a person who oftendrinks alcohol and then drives may choose to stop drinking or hire a taxi after having a fewdrinks. However, some people who experience cognitive dissonance do not want to change theiractions. They find reasons to explain their actions and justify the conflict between their actionsand beliefs. For example, after tasting the sweet desserts, you might tell yourself, “It’s probablya low-fat doughnut. Not a big deal. I’ll start dieting right after this.” Although it is quiteimpossible to achieve a full agreement between our actions and beliefs, we can change somethingin order to bring back balance.
【題組】46. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) Why people have smoking problems.
(B) How people suffer from physical illness.
(C) Why people fail to express their emotions.
(D) How people deal with cognitive dissonance.