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• 11.During the light reactions, what is the byproduct of the process that involves the splitting of
• 12. Which enzyme is responsible for carbon dioxide fixation in the Calvin Cycle? (A) Ribulose-1,5-bi
• 13. What is the final product of the Calvin cycle? (A) Glucose (B)G3P (C)3-PGA (D)RuBP
• 14. What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration? (A) It serves as a substrate in glycolysis. (
• 15. Which step produces the most ATP? (A)Glycolysis (B) Pyruvate decarboxylation (C) Citric acid cyc
• 16. Which two organelles produce ATP through chemiosmosis? (A) Chloroplasts and mitochondria (B)Chlo
• 17. Where does the proton that drives ATP synthesis through chemiosmosis accumulate in cellular resp
• 18.In the electron transport chain of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, what is the ultimate
• 19. What stages or structures are haploid in the alternation of generations? (A) Sporophytes, spores
• 20.According to the pictures below, please arrange the effects of phytohormones in the following ord
• 2. Endosymbiotic dinoflagellates called______lives in the bodies of marine invertebrates.(A) protozo
• 3. In oogamous sexual reproduction, the gametes are (A) the same in size and shape. (B) the same in
• 4. Red tides are dangerous because the: (A) dinoflagellates cause them to produce a strong neurotoxi
• 5. In ascomycetes, plasmogamy occurs within the: (A) antheridium. (B) crozier. (C) ascogonium. (D) a
• 6. Rhizoids of mosses: (A) provide anchorage to the gametophore. (B) absorb water for the rest of th
• 7. If you cut a cross section through the shoot apex of a moss, you might find: (A) an apical cell s
• 8. The indusium of Polypodiopsida is a: (A) cluster of sporangia. (B) leaf outgrowth covering a soru
• 9. Betalains are red pigments found in beets and other members of the order Caryophyllales (cacti, c
• 10. Megaphylls evolved from: (A) microphylls that became more elaborate due to hormonal interactions
• 11. In the antenna complex, light energy is transferred from one pigment molecule to another by: (A)
• 12. Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is FALSE? (A) It requires more ATP than
• 13. On a per unit basis, which of the following would be the most expensive to build energetically?
• 14. The stem-like axis above the cotyledon(s) is the: (A) epicotyl. (B) hypocotyl. (C) plumule. (D)
• 15. In photosynthetic pathway, compared to C3 plants, C4 plants (A) have the higher rate of photores
• 16. It is usually advantageous to a species if the offspring of a sporophyte are genetically differe