【題組】2. For someone investigating constitutions, that is, what cach is and what sort ofthing it is, pretty much the first investigation concerns a city-state, to see whaton carth the city-state is. For as things stand, there are disputes about this,some pcople say that it is the city-state that performed a certain action,whereas others say that it is not the city-state but rather the oligarchy or thetyrant. And we see that the entire business of the politician and the legislatorconcems city-states and that the constitution is itself a certain ordering ofthose who inhabit the city-state. But since the city-state belongs amongcomposite things, and things that are wholes and composed of many parts, it isclear that the first thing that must be investigated is the citizen. For a city-stateis a particular sort of multitude of citizens. So who should be called a citizen,and what the citizen is must be investigated. (Aristotle, Politics 3.1, translatedby C.D.C. Reeve,2017(哲學小辭典:constitution政體；city-state城邦.) (40%)