問題詳情

The combination of providing reusable cups, in-store messaging about cup waste andcharging for disposable cups could reduce the use of as many as 300 million disposable cupsper year in the United Kingdom alone, according to a new research report from CardiffUniversity. The study 16 the Dublin, Ireland-based coffee and tea company Bewley’s,whose primary operations are in the UK and United States through grocery sales, variousretail cafe brands and wholesale supply.“There is a huge amount of waste being sent to landfill each year and promoting reusablecups is part of the solution,” Louise Whitaker, head of marketing at Bewley’s UK, said in aCardiff University announcement of the study, which did not mention potential reductions inexpenses on the part of retailers 17 consumers turn to reusable options. “As a companywe are committed to working with our cup providers and customers to provide a solution tothe problem.”The study, conducted from September to December of 2016, found an estimated 2.5billion cups are used in the UK each year, 18 approximately 25,000 tons of waste.While measuring the effectiveness of individual strategies in discouraging cup use—includingcharging a fee for disposable cups, environmental messaging in cafes, and providing reusablecups either for purchase or for free—the study found that it was the combination of thesemethods that resulted in the greatest behavioral change among consumers. “The study foundthat the provision of free re-usable alternatives 19 clear environmental messaging and acharge on disposable cups increased the use of reusable cups from 5.1 percent to 17.4 percent,”the Cardiff announcement said.The study also noted an oddity of consumer behavior, in which consumers were lesslikely to be swayed by discounts on reusable cups than they were by fees for disposable cups.“There is an important 20 when it comes to financial incentives,” said Cardiff ProfessorWouter Poortinga. “People are far more sensitive to losses than to gains when makingdecisions—so if we really want to change a customer’s behavior, then a charge on adisposable cup is more likely to be effective.”
【題組】16.
(A) was commissioned by
(B) was commissioned
(C) commissioned by
(D) commissioned

參考答案

答案：A
難度：適中0.444444
統計：A(4),B(4),C(1),D(0),E(0)