問題詳情
第二篇：Are we naturally good? That is, are we more likely to act cooperatively, to help others even when it costs us? Or arewe, in our hearts, selfish creatures? A new set of studies provides data allowing us to analyze human nature through theclear lens of science. These studies were carried out by a group of researchers interested in the essential question: whetherour first instinct is to act selfishly or cooperatively.There are two processes that can explain our decisions and behaviors: intuition and reflection. Intuition is oftenautomatic and effortless, leading to actions that occur without looking into the reasons behind them. Reflection, on theother hand, is all about conscious thought—identifying possible behaviors, considering the costs and benefits of possibleoutcomes, and rationally deciding on a course of action.To answer the question of whether selfishness or cooperation is the product of rational reflection, the researchersfirst took advantage of a difference between intuition and reflection: intuitive processes operate quickly, whereasreflective processes operate relatively slowly. The behavior people exhibit when they act quickly is likely to be theintuitive response, and it is the response most likely to be consistent with basic human nature.Experiments were done with a total of 834 people. Each experiment consisted of group-based financialdecision-making tasks and required people to choose between acting selfishly—to maximize individual benefits at thecost of the group—or cooperatively—to maximize group benefits at the cost of the individual. The results were striking:in every single experiment, faster—that is, more intuitive—decisions were associated with higher levels of cooperation,whereas slower—that is, more reflective—decisions were associated with higher levels of selfishness. These resultssuggest that our first impulse is to cooperate, and that we are fundamentally good creatures after all.(46-48 題為單選選擇題；49-50 題為複選題）
【題組】46. What is the passage mainly about?
(A)The process of making financial decisions
(B) Whether human nature is good or bad
(C) How cooperation is better than selfishness
(D) What kind of people can answer the essential question
參考答案
答案：B
難度：簡單0.71831
統計：A(21),B(204),C(48),D(11),E(0)
用户評論
【糖衣】評論
我們本性性善嗎？也就是說，我們更有可能合作採取行動，即使在花費我們心力幫助別人嗎？還是我們在我們心中是自私的生物？一組新的研究提供了數據，使我們能夠通過科學的面向來分析人性。這些研究是由一組對基本問題感興趣的研究人員進行的：我們的第一本能是自私還是合作。有兩個過程可以解釋我們的決定和行為：直覺和反思。直覺通常是自動而且毫不費力的，導致發生的行為，而不考慮其背後的原因。另一方面，反思是考慮到可能的結果的成本和收益，合理地決定一個行動方案，是有意識的思考 - 識別可能的行為。為了回答自私或合作是否是理性反思的產物，研究者首先利用了直覺和反思之間的區別：直觀的過程運作迅速，而反射過程的運作相對較慢。人...
【廖偉婷】評論
46. What is the passage mainly about? 這篇文章的主要內容是什麼？(A)The process of making financial decisions 做出財務決策的過程(B) Whether human nature is good or bad 人性是好還是壞(C) How cooperation is better than selfishness 合作比自私更好(D) What kind of people can answer the essential question 什麼樣的人可以回答基本問題