【終於.......】評論

(A)許多貓無臨床症狀，相關文獻甚少（僅參考到：貓感染鉤端螺旋體常見包括多渴多尿、血尿、葡萄膜炎、跛腳、嗜睡、厭食、體重下降、腹水產生、嘔吐、拉肚子、疼痛與皮膚發炎等等超級不具特異性的令人尷尬的症狀。）After penetration through mucous membranes, abraded or scratched skin, leptospires multiply rapidly upon entering the blood vascular space as early as one day after infection and can circulate up to seven days in the blood. They invade the kidneys, liver, spleen, central nervous system (CNS), eyes, and genital tract amongst others, and can damage these organs by replicating and causing inflammation (Adler and de la Pena Muctezuma, 2010).(B)The prevalence of antileptospiral antibodies in cats varies from 4% to 33.3% depending on the geographical location.In the past, experts believed that cats were not susceptible to infection, but it is now thought that the bacteria might play a role in longterm kidney disease. As such, cats are unlikely to show the signs of leptospirosis seen in other animals.(C)Formerly, it was thought that domestic cats were resistant to infections caused by spirochaetes and many practitioners do not consider the feline leptospirosis in the differential diagnosis of other diseases [2]. However, the presence of antibodies have demonstrated that cats can be infected [3] and that they can be incidental hosts of some Leptospira serovars that are prevalent in wildlife or in other domestic animals [3], such as Ballum [4], Copenhageni, Hardjo, Icterohaemorragiae [5,6], Rachmati, Bratislava, Bataviae [7], Canicola [4], Autumnalis, and Grippotyphosa [4,6,8].Leptospira antibodies were detected in 10/244 cats; with 4.1% positive results (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1–7.18%). Titers ranged from 1:20 to 1:320 (serovars Ballum; Bataviae; Bratislava; Cynopteri; Grippotyphosa Mandemakers; Grippotyphosa Moskva; Pomona; and Proechimys). The most common serovar was Cynopteri. Blood samples from 1/89 cats amplified for Leptospira DNA (1.12%; 95% CI: 0.05–5.41%). (西班牙)Leptospira antibodies were detected in 14/260 cats (5.4%; 95% CI: 3.0%–8.6%) with titers ranging from 1:20 to 1:160 (serovars: Anhoa, Autumnalis, Celledoni, Copenhageni, Djasiman, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Patoc). Cats aged ≥4 years were significantly more often infected with Leptospira than younger cats. (泰國研究)(D)Infection in cats has been associated with the consumption of infected prey, especially rodents. Thus, outdoor cats have a higher risk of becoming infected.Infection in animals occurs through contact with urine or water contaminated with the bacteria.(受感染齧齒類動物尿含有大量病源)參考：Leptospirosis in cats: Current literature review to guide diagnosis and management參考：Leptospira infection and shedding in cats in Thailand參考：https://www.msdvetmanual.com/cat-owners/disorders-affecting-multiple-body-systems-of-cats/leptospirosis-in-cats參考：甲乙丙通報動物傳染病書參考：https://www.facebook.com/WenABCDE/posts/581395709120339/參考：http://www.abcdcatsvets.org/leptospira-spp-infection/參考：Leptospira Detection in Cats in Spain by Serology and Molecular Techniques參考：Leptospira spp. in Domestic Cats from Different Environments: Prevalence of Antibodies and Risk Factors Associated with the Seropositivity補充：