【第二題,本題30%請閱讀該文獻的內容並回答問題5-7。
 (摘錄自Nutrients202012:2422)
Abstract: Aging and osteoarthritis (OA) are associated with a high risk of muscle mass loss, which can lead to physical disability.This study investigated the effectiveness of protein supplementation combined with exercise training (PS + ET) in improving musclemass and functional outcomes in older adults with lower-limb OA. A comprehensive search of online databases was performed todentify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of PS + ET in older adults with hip or knee OA. Meta-analysis andrisk of bias assessment of the included RCTs were conducted. Six RCTs were ineluded in this systemic review, they had a median(range/total) Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score of 7 (6-9) out of 10, respectively. Five RCTs that enrolled patients whounderwent total joint replacement were included in this meta-analysis. The PS + ET group exhibited significant improvements inmuscle mass (standard mean difference [SMD] = 1.13, p ＜ 0.00001), pain (SMD = 1.36, p ＜ 0.00001), and muscle strength (SMD =0.44, p = 0.04). Our findings suggest that PS + ET improves muscle mass, muscle strength, and functional outcomes and reduces painin older adults with lower-limb OA, particularly in those who have undergone total joint replacement.