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• 38. What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?(A) It hydrolyzes the host cell�
• 39. What are prions?(A) misfolded versions of normal brain protein(B) tiny molecules of RNA that inf
• 40. What is the name given to viruses that are single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA s
• 41. What is the enzymatic function of restriction enzymes?(A) to add new nucleotides to the growing
• 42. Bacteria containing recombinant plasmids are often identified by which process?(A) examining the
• 43. A gene that contains introns can be made shorter (but remain functional) for genetic engineering
• 44. The first cell whose entire genome was sequenced was which of the following?(A) H. influenzae in
• 45. Which of the following is a representation of gene density?(A) Humans have 2,900 Mb per genome(B
• 46. Why might the cricket genome have 11 times as many base pairs than that of Drosophila melanogast
• 47. Several of the different globin genes are expressed in humans, but at different times in develop
• 48. In Darwin's thinking, the more closely related two different organisms are, the(A) more sim
• 49. Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the wing of a bird?(A) Dorsal fin
• 50. Each of the following has a better chance of influencing gene frequencies in small populations t
• 51. Which free-living cells were the earliest contributors to the formation of Earth's oxidizin
• 52. The scientific discipline concerned with naming organisms is called(A) taxonomy(B) cladistics(C)
• 53. Which of the following are responsible for high levels of O2 in Earth's atmosphere?(A) phot
• 54. What is the primary ecological role of prokaryotes?(A) parasitizing eukaryotes, thus causing dis
• 55. Which group includes members that are important primary producers in ocean food webs, causes red
• 56. Which of the following is a secondary compound of embryophytes?(A) adenosine triphosphate(B) alk
• 57. What is the correct sequence of the following four events during an animal's development?(A
• 58. A terrestrial mollusc without a shell belongs to which class?(A) chitons(B) bivalves(C) gastropo
• 59. The ray-finned fishes are characterized by(A) a bony endoskeleton, operculum, and usually a swim
• 60. The opening of stomata is thought to involve(A) an increase in the osmotic concentration of the
• 61. What should be added to soil to prevent minerals from leaching away?(A) humus(B) sand(C) mycorrh
• 62. Which of the following essential nutrients plays an essential role in the opening and closing of