問題詳情
Passage 3 Today, thousands of people receive medical treatments that couldn’t have been imagined in previous generations.Treatments that were once impossible have become routine practices due to the implementation of new technology thatenhances people’s quality of life. Predictably, much of the technology used in medicine has been thought up by doctors, not laymen, but theirmethods of invention might surprise you. A Dutch physician invented the first dialysis machine in 1943 by employingvarious household items, including a washing machine! It took years to perfect the equipment, but now it saves thelives of many who are waiting for kidney transplants. The birth of the pacemaker also has an interesting history. In1930, an American heart surgeon created a device that could deliver electric shocks directly to the heart with a needle.This original pacemaker was operated by hand and was mostly shunned by the medical community. They believed thatkeeping a damaged heart beating was too unnatural. Fortunately, by 1950s, people conceded that the idea did havemerit, and several new and improved models were designed. Since the discovery of X-rays in 1894, doctors have been able to look inside their patients without cutting themopen. While traditional X-rays are still important, advancements in medical technology have made it possible to get aneven better glimpse inside the human body. One example is the MRI scanner, which creates a 3-D image out ofmultiple 2-D pictures. With this, minute internal flaws can be easily identified. If an extremely thorough look is needed,patients can undergo a capsule endoscopy, approved by the FDA in 2001. After swallowing a tiny pill-shaped camera,more than 800,000 pictures can be taken inside the patient’s digestive system and wirelessly uploaded to a physician’scomputer. The most regularly performed surgery prior to the 20th century was the removal of limbs, and the tools availablefor this operation were limited to saws and knives. Now there are many more choices that cause considerably lesstrauma to the body. Endoscopic surgery is one modern procedure that requires minimal recovery time for the patient.During one of these surgeries, a camera and special instruments are inserted into the body through small cuts that areless than an inch long. The surgeon controls the equipment via a connection line and a monitor; it’s almost likemaneuvering through a video game! Another contemporary variation in surgeries is the use of lasers to cut the body’stissue. Although this method is already predominant in eye surgeries, it is currently being tested in other types ofoperations as well. The benefits of using lasers are that wounds heal more quickly and there are fewer chances ofpost-surgical infections. Luckily for us, technology is a fundamental part of medicine today and has led to the development of lifesavingtechniques. With so much progress in just the last few decades, more impressive medical technology is certain to arisein the future.
【題組】36. What is TRUE about the first pacemaker?
(A) It was powered solely by electricity.
(B) It was applauded by the medical community.
(C) It contained several parts that needed to be plugged in.
(D) It delivered electricity to the heart via a needle.
參考答案
答案：D
難度：適中0.5
統計：A(0),B(0),C(0),D(0),E(0)