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• 45. How many cycles of β-oxidation are required to completely process a saturatedstearic acid (C18)?
• 46. The β-oxidation of saturated fatty acids has four basic steps. The importantenzymes involved in
• 47. Which of the following is   NOT   a ketone body?(A) Acetyl-CoA (B) Acetone (C) β-hydroxybutyrate
• 48. Which description is   NOT   correct about the catabolism of amino acids?(A) An early step in th
• 49. Which of the following hormones is derived from cholesterol?(A) Progesterone (B) Androgens (C) E
• 50. Which description is   NOT   correct about the nitrogen excretion?(A) Ammonia is highly toxic to
• 51. Which of the following enzymes is regulated by allosteric regulation in the ureacycle?(A) Carbam
• 52. Which of the following is an alternative electron donor to the mitochondrialelectron transport c
• 53. Which of the following metabolic reactions mainly occur in the mitochondrialmatrix?(A) Gluconeog
• 54. Which of the following intermediates is key connection of carbohydrate, protein,and lipid metabo
• 55. What is the first enzyme in glycolysis?(A) Phosphoglycerate Kinase (B) Enolase (C) Pyruvate Kina
• 56. Which of the following enzymes is related to the CO2-assimilating reactions(Calvin cycle) in pla
• 57. Many bacteria have thick, rigid extracellular walls that protect them from osmoticlysis. Which o
• 58. Where does the pentose phosphate pathway occur in the cells?(A) Cytosol (B) Mitochondria (C) End
• 59. Which of the following is a major storage form of lipid in animals?(A) Cholesterol (B) Sphingoli
• 60. Which of the following is necessary for long-chain saturated fatty acidsbiosynthesis?(A) Acetyl-
• 61. What is the final product of fatty acid synthesis?(A) Palmitate (B) Stearic acid (C) Oleic acid
• 62. Eicosanoids are locally acting signaling molecules, controlling numerousimportant homeostatic an
• 63. In living systems, reduced nitrogen is incorporated first into amino acids and theninto a variet
• 64. Which of the following amino acids is the precursor of glycine?(A) Glycine (B) Glutamate (C) Arg
• 65. Degradation of iron-porphyrin (heme) generates bilirubin, which is converted tobile pigments wit
• 66. Which of the following amino acids is the precursor of nitric oxide, a biologicalmessenger?(A) G
• 67. Which of the following biochemical methods is   NOT   related to antibodies?(A) Immunoprecipitat
• 68. Which of the following hormones bind to specific receptors in the membrane oftarget cells withou
• 69. Which of the following molecular is the key intermediate in glucose metabolismand lies at the cr