第 43 至 46 題為題組          For decades, India’s time zone has been a hotly debated issue. Back in 1884 when time zones wereofficially established, two time zones were used—Bombay Time and Calcutta Time. Indian Standard Time(IST) was introduced in 1906, but Calcutta Time and Bombay Time continued to be maintained after India’sindependence in 1947, until 1948 and 1955 respectively. The current single time zone, though a legacy ofBritish rule, is often viewed as a symbol of unity. Yet, not everyone thinks it is a good idea.         India stretches 3,000 km from east to west, spanning roughly 30 degrees longitude. This correspondsto a two-hour difference in mean solar time, based on the position of the sun in the sky. Thus, the sun risesnearly two hours earlier in the east than in India’s far west. In Northeastern states, sunrise can be as earlyas 4 a.m. in summer and sunset by 4 p.m. in winter, much earlier than the official working hours. Thisresults in great loss of daylight hours and more consumption of electricity, and often reduced productivity.          Meanwhile, recent studies point out that the current system leads to a serious problem in education forsome students. Nationwide, the school day starts at roughly the same time； thus, children go to bed laterand have reduced sleep in west India, where the sun sets later. Such sunset-induced sleep deprivation ismore pronounced among the poor, mostly due to their noisy environment and lack of sleep-inducingfacilities like window shades or indoor beds. On average, an hour’s delay in sunset time reduces children’ssleep by 30 minutes, and an hour’s delay in annual average sunset time reduces education by about 0.8years. As a result, children living in locations with later sunsets are less likely to complete primary andmiddle school education.          Despite various requests and proposals for multiple time zones, the government is keen to retain thecurrent system. Reasons provided include prevention of confusion and safety issues regarding railway andflight operations.
【題組】

43. Which of the following illustrates the Indian time zone system since 1955?
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)