問題詳情
John B. Calhoun did a classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats in the 1960s. In each of these experiments, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure and given an adequate supply of food, water and other necessities. He allowed the rat populations to increase to approximately twice the number that could live in the enclosure without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He then carefully observed and recorded behavior in these overpopulations communities. At the end of these experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowding caused a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats.The females, the most seriously affected by the high population density, showed deviant, pathological maternal behavior: they did not behave as mother rats normally do. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pops, and, without their mothers' care, the pops died. Under normal conditions, a mother rat would not leave her pops alone to die. The dominant male, the least affected by overpopulation, claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. They did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature rats. Nondominant males in the experiments also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely; they moved very little and ate and drank at times when the other rats were sleeping in order to avoid contact with them. Other nondominant males were hyperactive, chasing other rats and fighting each other. This segment of the rat population, like all the other parts, was affected by the overpopulation.
【題組】What is the main idea of this passage?
(A)Overpopulation results in deviant behavior in rats.
(B)Calhoun's experiments have influenced many people.
(C)The social behavior of rats is seriously affected by overcrowding.
(D)Overall crowding, along with other factors, causes social pathology.
參考答案
答案：A,C
難度：困難0.235955
統計：A(37),B(7),C(45),D(20),E(26) #
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用户評論
【愛新覺羅載湉】評論
約翰·卡爾霍恩（John B. Calhoun）進行了一系列經典實驗，以確定20世紀60年代人群對大鼠群體的影響。在每次這些實驗中，將相等數量的雄性和雌性成年大鼠放置在封閉物中，並給予足夠的食物，水和其它必需品的供應。他允許大鼠種群增加到可能生活在圍牆中的數量的大約兩倍，而不會由於過度擁擠而遭受壓力。然後他仔細觀察並記錄了這些人口過多的社區的行為。在這些實驗結束時，Calhoun得出結論，過度擁擠導致大鼠正常的社會關係崩潰。受高人口密度影響最嚴重的女性，表現出異常，病態的母親行為：他們的行為不像正常老鼠那樣。例如，母親有時放棄了他們的流行音樂，沒有母親的照顧，流行音樂就死了。在正常情況下，一隻母鼠不會將她的嘔吐物單獨死...
【業精於勤，事立於豫】評論
這段文章的主要在說什麼？（A）人口過剩導致老鼠的越軌行為。（B）Calhoun的實驗已經影響了許多人。（C）老鼠的社會行為受到過度擁擠的嚴重影響。（D）總體來說，擁擠以及其他因素導致了社會病理學。
【Sunny Yen】評論
4樓 是"deviant"喔!!deviant (adj.)異常的 (n.)異常的人