Reading 3        Toni Morrison is one of many Nobel Laureate and Pulitzer Prize winning authors. The
Pulitzer Prize is given to the finest authors in the world. Who was Pulitzer, and why is this
name synonymous with quality writing?
       In the latter years of the 19th century, Joseph Pulitzer stood out as the shining example of
American journalism. Born in Hungary, Pulitzer was an intense, strong, figure and a highly
skilled newspaper publisher. He was a passionate champion against dishonest government and
the friction it caused with the people. He was described as a fierce, hawk-like competitor who
was not afraid to make his stories sensational for the sake of selling newspapers. Yet, he was
also a visionary who richly furthered his profession.
      Pulitzer owned two American newspapers called the New York World and the St. Louis
Post-Dispatch. These newspapers helped reshape newspaper journalism in America. These
papers were a catalyst for Pulitzer to call for the training of journalists at university level in a
school of journalism. This led to excellence in journalism training and to the eventual Pulitzer
Prizes for journalism.        The lasting influence of the Pulitzer Prizes on journalism, literature, music, and drama can be attributed to his vision and intelligence. Upon his death, Pulitzer established the Pulitzer
Prizes as an incentive to excellence. Pulitzer specified four awards in journalism, four in letters
and drama, one for education, and four traveling scholarships.
【題組】21. The expression “hawk-like” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) passive
(B) aggressive
(C) easy-going
(D) invincible
(E) convincing