II.
    As technology improves, it is becoming easier and easier to make fake audio, video or images of people that are totally believable. These deepfakes are made using a process called deep learning. Deep learning makes two artificial intelligence (AI) programs fight against each other. One produces fake content. The other receives a stream of real and fake content and tries to figure out which are
which. Both programs learn from each other. The process continues until the program producing the fakes can fool the other program. This can result in very convincing footage (令人信服的影片) of people doing and saying things they never did or said.
    Deepfakes are dangerous for a number of reasons. Some experts (專家) worry that they could influence elections (選舉). If a persuasive deepfake of a politician (政治人物) saying something controversial (有爭議的) comes out just before an election, it might influence voters. Deepfakes could also be used to embarrass or blackmail people for things they never said or did.
    Other experts fear that deepfakes can destroy trust. Not only might people be fooled by fake videos, but they could also be tricked into thinking real videos are actually deepfakes. This could lead to people giving up trying to tell fact from fiction.
【題組】41. Which is true?
(A) It may be hard for voters to choose the right personin the election.
(B) Deepfakes can only be found in photos.
(C) Only the politicians are influenced by deepfakes.
(D) Deepfakes don’t look like real news at all.