Passage 3:
Parents often agonize over what to call their children. It can feel like a test of creativity or a way to express theirown personalities through their offspring. But what many parents might not fully realize is that the choice theymake over their children’s names could play a part in shaping how others see their child and ultimately the kindof person their child becomes.
      At a basic level, our names can reveal details about our ethnicity or other aspects of our background, whichin a world of social bias carries inevitable consequences. ___11___ These consequences should not be takenlightly, but that’s not where the influence of names ends. Even within a single culture, names can have certainconnotations in terms of their meaning, and can be seen as appealing or unfashionable and disliked. In turn, thesefeatures of our names inevitably affect how others treat us and how we feel about ourselves. ___12___ Thiswas most likely because disliking their name contributed to their lack of confidence.
       In terms of how names affect the ways we’re treated by others, consider a German study in which users of adating site were asked whether they would like to follow up with potential dates on the basis of their names.___13___ New research also conducted in Germany found that participants were less likely to help out a strangerwith a negatively rated name, like Cindy and Chantal, as compared with strangers with names rated positively,like Sophie and Marie.
       Other recent work has similarly hinted at the harmful consequences of a having an unpopular or negativesounding name. The Institute of Psychology in Beijing cross-checked the names of hundreds of thousands ofpeople with their risk of having been convicted of crimes. They found that even after controlling for the influenceof background demographic factors, people with names seen as less popular or having more negativeconnotations were more likely to have been involved in crime. You could see this tendency toward criminalbehavior as a proxy for a person having low agreeability. ___14___ 
While a less common name may be disadvantageous in the short-term, increasing the risk of rejection andlowering your likability, it could have advantages over the longer-term by engendering in you a greater sense ofyour personal uniqueness. A new study found that having a rarer name was associated with increased odds ofPage 4having a more unusual career, such as film director or judge. Early in life, some people may derive a sense ofunique identity from their relatively unique names. ___15___ This appears to be somewhat reminiscent of socalled “nominative determinism” – the idea that the meaning of our names influences our life decisions.
       Names can have these consequences because they can affect how we feel about ourselves and how otherstreat us. Since a good or bad name has the potential to produce good or bad results, it is suggested that parentsshould try all ways to give their baby a good name in terms of their own culture.

 
(A) A study from the 2000s found that, even after controlling for family background and general dissatisfactionwith life, people who didn’t like their own name tended to have poorer psychological adjustment.

(B) This sense fuels a distinctiveness motive that drives them to find an unusual career path that matches theiridentity.

(C) This is consistent with the notion that having a negative-sounding or unpopular name sets a person up forsocial rejection and an increased risk for developing a disagreeable personality.

(D) American research conducted in the wake of the 911 terror attacks found that the exact same resumes wereless likely to attract interviews when attributed to a person with an Arabic-sounding name as compared with awhite-sounding name.

(E) It is observed that people with names considered unfashionable, such as Kevin, were more likely to berejected, as compared with people with more trendy names, such as Alexander.
【題組】11.