請依下文回答第 56 題至第 60 題
        With so many people crossing borders every day, how do we know we’re not letting dangerous peopleinto our countries? One response is biometric identification technology. It has been developed to recognizeindividuals and to identify criminals. In fact, biometric identification is not a new invention. Lawenforcement agencies have been using photographs and fingerprints as biometric identifiers since the late 19th century. Today, biometric identification technology, including both physiological and behavioralbiometrics, has become increasingly prevalent as a means of enhancing security and protecting individuals'interests.
       Physiological biometrics, such as fingerprints and facial features, use human morphology to identifyor recognize individuals. Besides fingerprint scanners, there are software programs that identify faces,palms, and irises. Scanning these physical features ensures that the person being scanned is who he or sheclaims to be. Unlike personal identification numbers, which are used to access bank accounts, biometricidentifiers are extremely difficult, if not impossible, for criminals to steal.
       Behavioral biometrics can also be used to identify people. Certain behaviors are unique to individuals,such as their speech or the way they type. The classic behavioral biometric marker is a person's signature,but it can be problematic as it can be copied. However, people do automatically recognize subtleties in theway a person speaks, such as intonation and regional accents. Typing patterns, likewise, would be verydifficult to observe and mimic convincingly.
       Biometrics can have two potential applications: identification and identity verification. Identificationuses biometric information to discover the identity of an unknown person. DNA evidence has joinedfingerprints as a common tool of law enforcement for this purpose. Today, we use passports to verify ouridentity when crossing borders, but passports can be stolen or forged. An effective biometric identificationsystem would be difficult to fool. Because of this, many countries are considering biometric additions toor replacements of existing identification system. India, for instance, has already implemented such asystem, which utilizes fingerprint and iris scans, in addition to photographs.
      While biometric identification technology shows promise in various applications, there are ethicalconcerns surrounding the development of biometric identification technology. Critics worry about thepossibility of criminal uses of the technology, as legitimate organizations can use biometric scanners toverify personal information. And civil liberties advocates are concerned about the potential for abuse byauthorities. Therefore, policymakers will need to balance security and law enforcement against personalfreedom and privacy. Ethical considerations must be taken into account when developing biometricidentification technology.
【題組】56 What is the main idea of this passage?
(A) The ethical problems with biometric identification.
(B) Biometric identification, its uses, and its challenges.
(C) Biometric identification and its history in law enforcement.
(D) The difference between physiological and behavioral biometrics.