▲ 閱讀下文，回答第 11−15 題
      The idea of microfinance and microenterprises was developed by Muhammad Yunus,
founder of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. A microenterprise is a type of business with a small
team, often registered, requiring    11    capital of no more than $35,000. The term
microenterprise connotes different entities and sectors depending on the country. Generally
speaking, in developed countries, microenterprises make up the smallest end of the small
business sector,   12    microenterprises in developing countries constitute the vast majority of
the small business sector – a result of the relative lack of formal sector jobs available for the
poor. Microenterprises add value to a country’s economy by creating jobs, enhancing income,
strengthening purchasing power, lowering costs, and adding business convenience. According to
data from the Development Bank of Latin America, microenterprises represent 88 percent of
total companies in Latin America, where they are engaged in self-employment activities.
Microlending has become an alternative    13    traditional lending for businesses in
communities that don’t have access to traditional funding. Microbusinesses and small businesses
that are in underserved areas or have low credit   14    can use private microlending
organizations for marketing campaigns, inventory or supplies, and seasonal expenses. Some
states and organizations offer help for small and microbusinesses. Nebraska, for instance, gives
an income tax credit of up to $10,000 based on “demonstrated growth” of the business over the
past two years. However, official policies often make business difficult for microentrepreneurs.
Deposit services are rarely    15    to these businesspeople, especially in rural areas. The small
loans microentrepreneurs usually need are less attractive to traditional formal financial
institutions because of their high transaction costs.
【題組】11.
(A) monopoly
(B) seed
(C) province
(D) vigor