Section B Passage 1 is adapted from Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Volume 2.Originally published in 1840. Passage 2 is adapted from Harriet Taylor Mill,"Enfranchisement of Women." Originally published in 1851. As United States andEuropean societies grew increasingly democratic during the nineteenth century, debatesarose about whether freedoms enjoyed by men should be extended to women as well.Passage 1        I have shown how democracy destroys or modifies the different inequalities whichoriginate in society； but is this all? or does it not ultimately affect that great inequality of manand woman which has seemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? Ibelieve that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, themaster and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman andmake her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity ofmaking myself clearly understood； for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawlessfancies of our age have taken a freer range.        There are people in Europe who, confounding together the different characteristics of thesexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. They would give toboth the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant to both the same rights；they would mix them in all things--their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It mayreadily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both aredegraded； and from so preposterous a medley of the works of nature nothing could ever resultbut weak men and disorderly women.        It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality whichmay be established between the sexes. They admit, that as nature has appointed such widedifferences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifestdesign was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties； and they hold thatimprovement does not consist in making beings so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things,but in getting each of them to fulfill their respective tasks in the best possible manner. TheAmericans have applied to the sexes the great principle of political economy which governsthe manufactures of our age, by carefully dividing the dutics of man from those of woman, inorder that the great work of society may be the better carried on. Passage 2        As society was constituted until the last few generations, inequality was its very basis；association grounded on equal rights scarcely existed； to be equals was to be enemies； twopersons could hardly cooperate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without thelaw's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other. Mankind have outgrownthis state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, ajust equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between menand women, being the nearest and most intimate, and connected with the greatest number ofstrong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw off the old rule, and receive the new； for, inproportion to the strength of a feeling is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms andcircumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated. . . .        . . . The proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able toattain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained without complete liberty of choice. . . . Let everyoccupation be open to all, without favor or discouragement to any, and employments will fallinto the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable ofworthily exercising them. There need be no fear that women will take out of the hands of menany occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or hercapacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved,---by trial； and the world willhave the bencfit of the best faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by anarbitrary limit, and declare that whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of anindividual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exertedonly in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only aninjustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but isalso the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the qualitieswhich are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.
【題組】49.( ) In Passage 1, Tocqueville implies that treatment of men and women as identical innature would have which consequence?
(A) Neither sex would feel oppressed.
(B) Both sexes would be greatly harmed.
(C) Men would try to reclaim their lost authority.[!--empirenews.page--]
(D) Men and women would have privileges they do not need.