問題詳情

第 36 題至第 40 題為題組Drug patents create short-term monopolies. The deal is simple: the drug inventor makes its formula public and inexchange is 36 a competition-free run at the market, lasting up to 20 years. This gives pioneers timeto 37 the costs of researching and developing new compounds, vital when creating a new medicine can cost upto $5 billion. The patent guarantees a 38 return, meaning companies have both the means and the incentive tokeep innovating.When the patent reaches its expiry date, the comfortable monopoly evaporates, replaced by 39 competition.40 have three ways of defending themselves. They are marketing, nudging customers towards newer drugs stillprotected by patent, and paying the competitors not to produce.
【題組】36
(A) granting
(B) proven
(C) granted
(D) proving

參考答案

答案：C
難度：適中0.53125
統計：A(4),B(2),C(17),D(5),E(0)

用户評論

【Joanna】評論

藥物專利造成短期壟斷。這筆交易很簡單：藥物發明者將其藥物配方公開，交換的是被賦予在市場上無其他競爭對手狀態的經營，持續長達20年。這給藥物第一開發者時間去回收研究和開發新產品的成本，這段時間在製造新藥時至關重要，因為開發新藥可能花費高達50億美元。這專利保證了一個還不錯的回報，表示公司既有利益也有動力來持續開發藥品。當專利到期時，舒適的壟斷蒸發，取代的是激烈的競爭。 現任的藥商有三種方法來保衛自己。營銷，推銷客戶仍然受專利保護的新藥，並支付(於開發新藥得到專利?)使競爭對手不生產。

【確定目標後，專注踏實的實現】評論

Drug patents create short-term monopolies.藥物專利創造了短期壟斷。The deal is simple: the drug inventor makes its formula public and in exchange is granted a competition-free run at the market, lasting up to 20 years. 這筆交易很簡單：藥品發明人將其配方公之於眾，並在交易所獲得了無競爭的市場運作，持續長達20年。This gives pioneers time to recoup the costs of researching and developing new compounds, vital when creating a new medicine can cost up to $5 billion. 這為開拓者提供了時間來收回研究和開發新化合物的成本，這對於創造一種新藥而言至關重要，可能耗資高達50億美元。The patent guarantees a decent r...