用戶【李定頡】點評問題和點評內容

【評論主題】31.關於calcium pyrophosphate deposition(CPPD)disease的描述,下列何者最適當? (A)CPPD disease常被稱為假性痛風(pseudogout)而

【評論內容】pocket medicine 在風濕免疫章節有介紹CPPD (CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE (CPPD) DEPOSITION/ PSEUDOGOUT ):

【評論主題】29.一位40歲病人原本腎功能正常,現其血清creatinine在48小時內上升至2.5 mg\\/dL,下列何種狀況最可判斷此病人傾向內生性急性腎損傷(intrinsic acute kidney

【評論內容】

TABLE 52-2 Laboratory Findings in Acute Renal Failure

Index

Prerenal Azotemia

Acute Tubular Necrosis

BUN/PCr ratio

>20:1

10–15:1

Urine sodium U Na, meq/L

<20

>40

Urine osmolality, mosmol/L H2O

>500

<350

Fractional excretion of sodium

<1%

>2%

Urine/plasma creatinine UCr/PCr

>40

<20

Urinalysis (casts)

None or hyaline/granular

Muddy brown

FENa may be >1% in prerenal AKI associated with diuretic use and/or the setting of bicarbonaturia or chronic kidney disease; FENa often <1% in acute tubular necrosis caused by radiocontrast or rhabdomyolysis

【評論主題】28.一位26歲女性,有多年systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)病史,但沒有規則追蹤。最近二週出現喘、 水腫、尿量減少,體重增加近5公斤。安排住院後入院時,血壓160

【評論內容】Lupus Nephritis – 40% affected (Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020;16:255) I: Min. mesangialNormal U/A & eGFRNo specific treatmentII: Mesangial prolifMicro hematuria/proteinuriaNo specific treatment ± ACEIIII: Focal prolifHematuria/proteinuria, ± HTN, ↓ GFR, ± nephroticInduce: MMF or CYC + steroidsMaintenance: MMF >AZAIV: Diffuse prolifHematuria/proteinuria and HTN, ↓ GFR, ± nephroticACEIIf nephrotic-range proteinuria, induce w/ MMF + steroids Maintenance: MMF superior to AZA V: Membranous (can coexist with class III or IV)Proteinuria, nephroticVI: Adv. Sclerotic ESRD  Renal replacement therapy

【評論主題】23.55歲男性肝硬化病人,併發腹水與下肢水腫,抽血檢查血中鈉離子:130 mEq\\/L,白蛋白:2.6 g\\/dL。下列那一種處置對這位病人較恰當? (A)每天限水1.5 L,每天補充鈉離子4

【評論內容】現今肝硬化腹水+低血鈉的治療上,fluid restriction 已不被廣泛建議,因為臨床上病人會因為口渴難以達到。