【南瓜】評論

資料來源：Abnormal Psychology: DSM-5 Update, 12th Edition (2013)Chapter 7: Obsessive-Compulsive-Related and Trauma-Related DisordersTreatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disroder (p.220-222)----------------------------------------------------(A) 在心理分析中，治療者主要運用自由聯想的方式來緩解個體經驗創傷後的受苦情緒。是使用認知治療來增強個案對自己有辦法克服創傷的信念，進而緩解個案經驗創傷後的受苦情緒。(B) 治療的目標在於協助個體有效地阻斷對創傷記憶的提取。心理治療的目標是鼓勵個體面對創傷的記憶。(C) 選擇性血清素回收抑制劑（SSRIs）是治療創傷後壓力症症狀有療效的藥物之一。參考內文：One class of antidepressant, the selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), has received strong support as a treatment for PTSD. Relapse is common if medications are discontinued.(D) 想像暴露療法的目的是為了讓個體未來再遇到相似的創傷事件時，不再有恐懼或是逃避的行為。PTSD的暴露療法：重點在鼓勵個案面對創傷事件。在這個過程中找到控制感，以達到消除焦慮的結果。在可能的情況下，個案會直接接觸體內的創傷，比如返回到事件現場。PTSD的想像暴露療法：透過想像暴露療法來刻意讓個案記住創傷事件，也就是說讓個案在記住創傷事件的當下找到控制感，以達到消除焦慮的結果。參考內文：In PTSD, the focus of exposure treatment is on memories and reminders of the original trauma, with the person being encouraged to confront the trauma to gain mastery and extinguish the anxiety. Where possible, the person is directly exposed to reminders of the trauma in vivo—for example, by returning to the scene of the event. In other cases, imaginal exposure is used—the person deliberately remembers the event (Keane, Fairbank, Caddell, et al., 1989).