【Hi World】評論

48. What can be inferred from the passage? 從文章中可以推斷出什麼？(A) Protective masks have been worn by surgeons and nurses for more than 100 years.  外科醫生和護士佩戴防護口罩已有 100 多年的歷史。(B) People did not know there were bacteria in the air until COVID appeared in 2019. 直到 2019 年 COVID19(新冠肺炎)出現，人們才知道空氣中有細菌。-> Louis Pasteur 已在此之前發現空中存在細菌(C) The first medical mask was invented by an artist. 第一個醫用口罩是由一位藝術家發明的。-> 17 世紀由法國醫生 Charles de Lorme 發明鳥嘴面具(D) Face coverings were first used by servants of Chinese emperors. 中國皇帝的僕人首先使用面罩。-> 根據本文，最早使用面罩的是羅馬哲學家老普林尼中英對照Face coverings as a way of protecting our health go back at least 2,000 years. 面罩作為保護我們健康的一種方式至少可以追溯到 2000 年前。(D) The Roman philosopher Pliny the Elder used animal-bladder skins as masks to filter dust while working with toxic minerals. 羅馬哲學家老普林尼在處理有毒礦物質時使用動物膀胱皮作為口罩過濾灰塵。In China there is evidence of similar face coverings in the Yuan dynasty. 在中國，元朝也有類似面罩的證據。In his travelogue written during this period, the Italian explorer Marco Polo described servants of the Chinese emperor wearing silk scarves to cover their mouths and noses to prevent their breath from contaminating the food they prepared. 義大利探險家馬可·波羅在他這一時期的遊記中描述了中國皇帝的僕人戴著絲巾遮住口鼻，以防止他們的呼吸污染他們準備的食物。By the early 14th century, the Black Death had prompted widespread use of facial coverings. 到 14 世紀初，黑死病促使人們廣泛使用面罩。(C) Another outbreak in the 17th century led to the invention of the beak mask by French doctor Charles de Lorme. 17 世紀的另一次(疾病)爆發導使法國醫生 Charles de Lorme 發明了鳥喙面具。Covering the entire face, the mask had glass portals so the wearer could see, and the beak was often filled with spices to filter out disease. 面具覆蓋整個面部，有玻璃讓佩戴者可以看(到外面)，而且鳥嘴裡經常裝滿香料以過濾疾病。Artist Leonardo da Vinci soaked cloth in water and placed it on his face to prevent toxic chemicals from paint and plaster from entering his lungs. 藝術家李奧納多達文西（Leonardo da Vinci）將布浸入水中並將其放在臉上，以防止油漆和石膏中的有毒化學物質進入他的肺部。People trying to escape a burning building are still advised to do so to protect their lungs from the effects of smoke inhalation. 現在仍然會建議試圖逃離燃燒中的建築物的人們這樣做，以保護他們的肺部免受吸入煙霧的影響。(B) The discovery of the presence of bacteria in the air by Louis Pasteur made people aware of the dangers of breathing in harmful pathogens. 路易斯巴斯德發現空氣中存在細菌，使人們意識到吸入有害病原體的危險。Therefore, doctors asked people to wear cotton masks to limit contagion during epidemics. 因此，醫生要求人們在流行病期間戴上棉質口罩以限制傳染。Fashionable women also wore lace veils to protect their lungs from harmful airborne particles. 時尚女性還戴著蕾絲面紗，以保護她們的肺部免受空氣中有害顆粒的侵害。In the early 20th century, Wu Lien-teh, a public-health specialist, developed a mask from layers of cotton with ties so that it could be hung on the ears.  20世紀初，公共衛生專家伍連德發明了一種用棉布製成的口罩，上面有領帶，可以掛在耳朵上。This was the prototype from which the masks used in medicine today developed. 這是今天用於醫學的口罩的原型。(A) In 1905 Chicago physician Alice Hamilton measured the bacteria from healthy doctors and nurses when they talked or coughed, leading her to recommend masks during surgery.  1905 年，芝加哥醫生艾麗斯·漢密爾頓 (Alice Hamilton) 在健康的醫生和護士說話或咳嗽時測量細菌，讓她因此建議在手術期間戴口罩。Her recommendations led to widespread use of protective masks for surgeons and nurses. 她的建議讓外科醫生和護士廣泛使用防護口罩。英文7000單字表：https://hiworldwelcome.blogspot.com/2021/12/7000.html