IV. Discourse      Teaching students about the Russian invasion of Ukraine is not as easy as you might expect. The war has been fast-moving, heartbreaking, and difficult to process. Not only that,   16   Even so, Professor Jay and Professor Buterbaugh of the Political Science Department at Southern Connecticut State University offer some advice on teaching about the Russia–Ukraine war more effectively.
    Their first suggestion is for educators to approach the Ukraine war as learners. Teachers do not necessarily have to be scholars or researchers of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine to effectively teach it. Instead, they should frame themselves as learners who utilize their experiences of being learners transparently and as a form of modeling. Gradually,   17  
    Another suggestion is that   18   As an instructor, it can also be an appropriate approach to guide students to explore media literacy and critical thinking by encouraging students to analyze statements from both Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. The students can see the value in being skeptical of both nations’ accounts. This is a good case study to teach not merely critical thinking, but also how to examine valid evidence.
    In addition to the aforementioned ideas, Jay and Buterbaugh also remind us to be on the alert for any sign of misinterpretation or misinformation when it comes to assisting students in making sense of the war. For one, we are expected to use analogies, although it is imperative to not oversimply complex issues. Comparing this war to other events in our history curriculum can be a powerful teaching tool. This type of approach can deepen students’ knowledge of both events. Yet,   19   Another teaching pedagogy we ought to beware of is that when teaching about the war in Ukraine, educators should make sure to differentiate between Russian leadership and the general populace. A great number of nations have clearly sided with Ukraine. Over time,   20   Consequently, instructors should supervise discussions to step in before students start demonizing Russians.
    In brief, addressing the Russian invasion of Ukraine is an opportunity for learning and discussion on a number of topics in class. Nevertheless, there are some do’s and don’ts we as educators should take into consideration.

(A) Russia and Ukraine’s competing narratives should be closely scrutinized.

(B) that is likely to trigger anti-Russian sentiment, causing students to stereotype all Russians as invaders, and treat all Russians as culpable.

(C) we should be careful to teach students not to generalize the comparisons of all historic events； otherwise, their bias or prejudice may come into play.

(D) numerous educators lack sufficient knowledge about the complicated geopolitical and historical background to the conflict.

(E) with this mindset, they can realize that their goal as teachers is not to impart knowledge about the conflict, but to facilitate students’ inquiry as they learn more about it.
【題組】16.