【DD】評論

Klinefelter syndrome 影響 Leydig cell 和 Sertoli cell

【Chris】評論

1.  Primary hypogonadism：睪丸製造 testosterone 和精子不給力，工廠本身問題。常見原因：Cryptorchidism 隱睪、Chromosomal abnormalities(如 Klinefelter's syndrome,XXY)、精索靜脈曲張、mumps orchitis 腮腺病毒引起睪丸炎、trauma 等等。 2.  Secondary hypogonadism：上游缺乏 GnRH, FSH 或 LH 的刺激，造成 testosterone 不分泌、精子不製造，這是上頭沒給訂單的問題。常見原因：Isolated gonadotropin deficiency (Kallmann's syndrome, at least 25 different genes have been implicated in causing Kallmann syndrome)(腦下垂體發育異常)、Pituitary insufficiency (tumors, infiltrative processes, operation, radiation)、 ...