【用戶】WU chia ching

【年級】高三上

【評論內容】根據文章，正確的陳述是：(B) Summer SAD is less common than winter SAD. （B）夏季季節性情感障礙（Summer SAD）比冬季季節性情感障礙（Winter SAD）要少見。文章中提到，大約有10％的季節性情感障礙（SAD）患者在夏天有症狀，而剩下的多數在冬天有症狀。因此，夏季SAD比冬季SAD要少見。其他選項的解釋如下：(A) SAD affects men more than women. （A）季節性情感障礙（SAD）更常見於女性，而不是男性。文章中提到約有三倍多的女性受到SAD影響。(C) Winter depression is often triggered by humidity. （C）冬季抑鬱通常不是由濕度引起的。文章中提到夏季SAD的觸發因素可能包括高溫和潮濕，但並未提到冬季抑鬱與潮濕有關。(D) Sufferers of winter depression are likely to lose appetite. （D）冬季抑鬱的患者可能會增加食慾，而不是減少。文章中提到冬季抑鬱最常報告的症狀之一是增加食慾。 翻譯如下 當精神科醫生諾曼·羅森塔爾（Norman Rosenthal）從南非搬到紐約市時，他注意到他在紐約市的寒冷、短暫的冬天期間比在他的故鄉感到更加抑鬱。多年後，他發表了第一篇正式科學命名冬季抑鬱的論文，稱之為「季節性情感障礙」（Seasonal Affective Disorder，簡稱SAD）。後來的研究發現，季節性抑鬱主要影響北緯地區的人，約有10％的SAD患者在夏季也有症狀。冬季抑鬱最常報告的症狀包括過度睡眠（即想睡比平常多）、食慾增加以及對事物失去興趣。專家表示，大多數人在年輕成年期間會出現症狀，但SAD可能在生命的任何階段開始。這種情況也因性別而異，大約有三倍的女性比男性患有SAD。那麼，為什麼光線減少會讓一些人出現臨床抑鬱症狀呢？一個主要理論是，光線的變化干擾了我們的褪黑激素釋放，褪黑激素是大腦每晚釋放以促進睡眠的激素。隨著冬季光線供應減少，褪黑激素可能會在較晚時候消失。這意味著在早上，身體仍處於生物夜晚狀態。至於夏季SAD，可能的觸發因素可能包括高溫和潮濕。夏季SAD患者通常不會感到昏昏欲睡，而更常感到煩躁和焦慮。專家表示，尋求專業診斷是治療的關鍵第一步，不建議自我診斷。一種常見的治療方法是坐在一個明亮的燈箱前30分鐘，以告知身體該醒來了。但燈箱的缺點是它們只在使用的當天有效，因此需要每天使用。另一種可能效果更持久的治療方法是認知行為療法（Cognitive Behavioral Therapy，簡稱CBT），這是一種談話療法形式。由於負面思維往往會滋生負面情緒，CBT旨在鼓勵更中立的思維方式。例如，「我討厭冬天」可以被重新定義為「冬天不是我最喜歡的季節，但我仍然找到一些享受的事物」。此外，尋找冬季愛好也可能有所幫助。患有SAD的人通常有一些只適合夏季的愛好，比如種花或去海灘。人們被鼓勵尋找室內愛好，比如編織、閱讀或去健身房，來提高他們的情緒。無論是使用光療還是談話療法，都沒有理由不尋求心理健康治療，即使症狀只在一年中的幾個月內出現。

【用戶】112年已上岸，再接再厲

【年級】博二下

【評論內容】根據這篇文章，以下哪項陳述是正確的？(A) SAD 對男性的影響大於對女性的影響。The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD.這種情況也因性別而異。 患悲傷情緒的女性人數大約是男性的三倍。(B) 夏季 SAD 比冬季 SAD 少見。(O) >夏季SAD僅10%Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead. 隨後的研究發現，季節性抑鬱症對北緯地區的影響更大，大約 10% 的季節性抑鬱症患者在夏季出現症狀。(C) 冬季抑鬱症通常是由濕度引發的。But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep.但為什麼日光不足會導致一些人出現臨床抑鬱症呢？ 一個主要理論是，日光的變化會擾亂我們身體褪黑激素的釋放，褪黑激素是大腦每晚釋放的一種促進睡眠的激素。(D) 冬季抑鬱症患者可能會食慾不振。The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things.冬季抑鬱症最常見的症狀是睡眠增加，比平常更想睡覺，以及食慾增加和對事物缺乏興趣。

【用戶】Jamie

【年級】高三下

【評論內容】(A) SAD affects men more than women.About three times as many women as men get SAD.第二段最後一行應改為SAD affects  women more than men.

【用戶】<º))))>

【年級】高二上

【評論內容】根據文章，以下哪個陳述是真實的？答案是(B) 夏季SAD比冬季SAD更不常見。文章中提到約有10％的SAD患者在夏季也有症狀，而其他陳述在文章中未提及或未被證實。

【用戶】<º))))>

【年級】高二上

【評論內容】根據文章，以下哪個陳述是真實的？答案是(B) 夏季SAD比冬季SAD更不常見。文章中提到約有10％的SAD患者在夏季也有症狀，而其他陳述在文章中未提及或未被證實。

【用戶】火斑喵(撰寫詳解+朝目標持

【年級】國一下

【評論內容】★【自製破解筆記】★(望能幫上大家!)(●´ω｀●)ゞ★【速解●文章中找答案】★50. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(根據文章，下列敘述何者"正確"?)(A) SAD affects men more than women. (SAD影響男性勝過女性)---(X)錯誤。是"女性勝過男性"!請看第二段:The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD.女性得到SAD是男性的大約三倍之多。(B) Summer SAD is less common than winter SAD. (夏季SAD比冬季SAD更少見)---(O)正確。請看第一段: winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).這冬天的藍色憂鬱為-叫做:「季節性情緒失調(SAD)」。10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead.10%的受SAD所苦的患者反而會在夏季時節有著(=出現)症狀。)(C) Winter depression is often triggered by humidity. (冬季憂鬱症時常受濕度引發)---(X)錯誤。是"夏季"的!請看第三段: As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity.至於夏季的SAD，觸發反應的刺激物可能包括了熱度[高溫]與濕度[潮濕]。(D) Sufferers of winter depression are likely to lose appetite. (冬季憂鬱症患者可能失去食慾)---(X)錯誤。是"增加"食慾!請看第二段: The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. 最常見被報導的冬天憂鬱症的症狀是嗜睡症(睡眠過度症)-比平時更渴望睡眠[=想睡覺]，也(還有)增加食慾[=胃口變大想吃]以及對事物缺乏興趣[=興趣缺缺、意興闌珊]。Answer: 選(B)。[句中詞彙集]: d(`･∀･)b▲ according to - (prep)根據▲ passage - (N)1.一段文章 2.通道▲ statement - (N)敘述▲ be likely to (可能~)▼下方為文章全文▼        When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead.          第一段: (Norman Rosenthal-一位精神病學家(精神科醫生)，當他從南非移居到紐約城市時，注意到他在該城市的寒冷而短暫的冬天日子裡比他在故鄉時感覺到更憂鬱沮喪。數年後，他發表了第一篇論文(文章)來科學上的命名[科學命名]這冬天的藍色憂鬱為-叫做:「季節性情緒失調(SAD)」。隨後的研究(也)已經發現到說這個季節性的憂鬱症更影響著在北緯的那群人，並且大約有著10%的受SAD所苦的患者反而會在夏季時節有著(=出現)症狀。)[句中詞彙集]: d(`･∀･)b▲ move from A to B (從A搬至B)▲ psychiatrist - (N)精神病學家；精神科醫生▲ notice - (V/N)注意▲ depressed - (Adj.)憂鬱的-> depression - (N)憂鬱症▲ during - (prep)在...的期間▲ home country (n.故鄉；家鄉；母國；祖國)▲ publish - (V)發表[論文等文章]；出版[書籍]▲ paper - (N)論文文章；紙張▲ scientifically - (ADV)科學上地▲ name - (N)名字 (V)命名▲ blue - (N)藍色；憂鬱▲ Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) (季節性情緒失調)▲ subsequent - (Adj.)隨後的；隨之而來的▲ affect - (V)影響▲ northern - (Adj.)北方的；北邊的▲ latitude - (N)緯度▲ about - (prep)1.關於 2.大約地[+數字]▲ sufferer - (N)受...[疾病]所苦的患者=患病者▲ symptom - (N)症狀；表徵▲ instead - (ADV)反而；卻          The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD.第二段: (最常見被報導的冬天憂鬱症的症狀是嗜睡症(睡眠過度症)-比平時更渴望睡眠[=想睡覺]，也(還有)增加食慾[=胃口變大想吃]以及對事物缺乏興趣[=興趣缺缺、意興闌珊]。根據專家的說法，是大多數的人會在青年時期經歷這些症狀，但SAD可以在人生(生命)中的任何階段開始。這種狀況也因性別而異。女性得到SAD是男性的大約三倍之多)[句中詞彙集]: d(`･∀･)b▲ the + most + Adj. (最...的[最高級])▲ report - (V/N)報導；報告▲ hypersomnia - (N)嗜睡症；睡眠過度症▲ desire - (N)渴望▲ as well as (也~)▲ increased - (Adj.)增加的▲ appetite - (N)食慾；胃口▲ lack + of + N (缺乏/缺少N.)▲ interest - (V)感興趣 (N)興趣[+in]▲ according to - (prep)根據▲ most - (Adj.)大多數的；大部分的▲ experience - (N)經驗 (V)經歷▲ stage - (N)1.舞台 2.階段▲ condition - (N)狀況▲ vary - (V)改變▲ three times as many A as B (A是B的3倍之多)       But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated.第三段: (然而(到底是)為何缺少日光(=日光照射不足)會使一些人臨床性地憂鬱呢? 一個主要的理論是日光的改變(會)中斷了我們身體釋放褪黑素-一種大腦每晚釋放來促進睡眠的荷爾蒙(=激素)。隨著冬天時的日光供應漸漸減少，褪黑素就可能會隨之漸漸消逝。那就意謂著早上的身體仍處於生物夜晚的狀態。至於夏季的SAD，觸發反應的刺激物可能包括了熱度[高溫]與濕度[潮濕]。夏季的SAD患者比較多的往往是感覺到易怒煩躁的與受煽動鼓動而激動的[焦慮心神不寧]，而不是感到沒精打采不活潑的。)[句中詞彙集]: d(`･∀･)b▲ daylight - (N)日光▲ clinically - (ADV)臨床上地▲ leading - (Adj.)領銜的；主要的▲ theory - (N)理論▲ disrupt - (V)使中斷、瓦解▲ release - (V)釋放▲ melatonin (n.褪黑素)▲ hormone - (N)[人體]荷爾蒙；激素▲ promote - (V)促進▲ as - (Conj)1.隨著 2.當 3.因為▲ supply - (V/N)供應▲ dwindle - (V)漸漸減少▲ wear off - (V)漸漸消逝▲ mean - (V)意思是；意謂著▲ state - (N)狀態▲ biological - (Adj.)生物的▲ as for + N. (至於N.)▲ trigger - (V)觸發；扣下板機 (N)觸發引起反應的刺激物▲ include - (V)包括▲ heat - (V)加熱 (N)熱度；高溫▲ humidity - (N)濕度；潮濕▲ instead of + N (而不是~)▲ lethargic - (Adj.)沒精打采、死氣沉沉、無生氣的、不活潑的▲ patient - (N)病患 (Adj.)有耐心的▲ irritable - (Adj.)易怒煩躁的▲ agitated - (Adj.)受煽動鼓動而激動的[焦慮心神不寧]       Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily. Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.第四段: (專家們說一個專業的診斷是對於治療而言至關重要的第一步，並且自我診斷是不被建議的。一項常見的治療方式是坐在明亮的[燈火通明的]光盒(燈箱)前面30分鐘來對/向身體發出訊號-起床時間到了! (該起床囉!)但光盒的缺點/短處是它只在你使用它的那一天(該日)有作用，所以你需要每日地使用它。另一項可能有著持續較長/久益處的治療方式是「認知行為療法(CBT)」-一種對話/對談療法的形式。因為負面思考傾向於(就易於)滋生孕育出負面的情緒，CBT旨在鼓勵更中性/中立的思維(思想)。舉例來說，"我討厭冬天"可以被重塑框架[重新界定]為"冬天不是我最喜愛的季節，但我仍可找到能享受的事=找到樂子。此外，找尋冬天時節的嗜好可能也有幫助喔! 患有著SAD的人時常有著夏季特有的嗜好，例如栽種花園或去海灘。人們被鼓勵去找一些室內的嗜好，例如: 針織(織毛衣等)、閱讀或去體育館/健身房(藉此)來提高他們的心情，而不是在毯子底下冬蛰(=冬眠)。不管是使用日光療法還是對話療法，都沒有理由不去尋求心理健康的治療方式，儘管(就算即使是)症狀一年中只(僅僅)出現數月。)[句中詞彙集]: d(`･∀･)b▲ professional - (Adj.)專業的；職業級的▲ diagnosis - (N)診斷▲ crucial - (Adj.)至關重要的▲ step - (N)1.步伐 2.步驟▲ treatment - (N)1.對待 2.治療▲ suggest - (V)建議▲ common - (Adj.)常見的▲ in front of + N. (在 N. 的前面/前方)▲ bright - (Adj.)明亮的▲ signal - (V)發出信號 (N)信號燈；信號器▲ It's time to VR(do sth.) - (做什麼事)的時候/時間到了▲ drawback - (N)缺點；短處▲ work - (V)起作用▲ daily - (ADV)每日地▲ lasting - (Adj.)持久的▲ benefit - (N)好處；益處▲ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (認知行為療法)▲ form - (N)形式▲ therapy - (N)療法▲ negative - (Adj.)負面的▲ tend to ~ (傾向於~=易於)▲ breed - (V)滋生；孕育▲ emotion - (N)情緒▲ aim to (旨在)▲ encourage - (V)鼓勵▲ neutral - (Adj.)中立的▲ reframe - (V)重塑框架▲ moreover - (ADV)此外▲ hobby - (N)嗜好▲ specific - (Adj.)特定的；特有的▲ such as - (prep)例如▲ hibernate - (V)冬蛰(=冬眠)▲ blanket - (N)毯子▲ indoor - (Adj.)室內的▲ knit - (V)針織▲ boost - (V)提高；提升▲ mood - (N)心情▲ whether A or B (不管是A還是B)▲ seek - (V)尋求▲ mental - (Adj.)心理的▲ even if - (conj.)儘管；雖然 = even though = though = although ▲ present - (V)出現P.S希望我的說明，大家會喜歡。有誤，請不吝指教喔!˗ˋˏ ♡ ˎˊ˗喜歡的話，幫我按個讚好嗎?!‎|•'-'•) ✧謝謝大家~(〃'▽'〃)

【用戶】WU chia ching

【年級】高三上

【評論內容】根據文章，正確的陳述是：(B) Summer SAD is less common than winter SAD. （B）夏季季節性情感障礙（Summer SAD）比冬季季節性情感障礙（Winter SAD）要少見。文章中提到，大約有10％的季節性情感障礙（SAD）患者在夏天有症狀，而剩下的多數在冬天有症狀。因此，夏季SAD比冬季SAD要少見。其他選項的解釋如下：(A) SAD affects men more than women. （A）季節性情感障礙（SAD）更常見於女性，而不是男性。文章中提到約有三倍多的女性受到SAD影響。(C) Winter depression is often triggered by humidity. （C）冬季抑鬱通常不是由濕度引起的。文章中提到夏季SAD的觸發因素可能包括高溫和潮濕，但並未提到冬季抑鬱與潮濕有關。(D) Sufferers of winter depression are likely to lose appetite. （D）冬季抑鬱的患者可能會增加食慾，而不是減少。文章中提到冬季抑鬱最常報告的症狀之一是增加食慾。 翻譯如下 當精神科醫生諾曼·羅森塔爾（Norman Rosenthal）從南非搬到紐約市時，他注意到他在紐約市的寒冷、短暫的冬天期間比在他的故鄉感到更加抑鬱。多年後，他發表了第一篇正式科學命名冬季抑鬱的論文，稱之為「季節性情感障礙」（Seasonal Affective Disorder，簡稱SAD）。後來的研究發現，季節性抑鬱主要影響北緯地區的人，約有10％的SAD患者在夏季也有症狀。冬季抑鬱最常報告的症狀包括過度睡眠（即想睡比平常多）、食慾增加以及對事物失去興趣。專家表示，大多數人在年輕成年期間會出現症狀，但SAD可能在生命的任何階段開始。這種情況也因性別而異，大約有三倍的女性比男性患有SAD。那麼，為什麼光線減少會讓一些人出現臨床抑鬱症狀呢？一個主要理論是，光線的變化干擾了我們的褪黑激素釋放，褪黑激素是大腦每晚釋放以促進睡眠的激素。隨著冬季光線供應減少，褪黑激素可能會在較晚時候消失。這意味著在早上，身體仍處於生物夜晚狀態。至於夏季SAD，可能的觸發因素可能包括高溫和潮濕。夏季SAD患者通常不會感到昏昏欲睡，而更常感到煩躁和焦慮。專家表示，尋求專業診斷是治療的關鍵第一步，不建議自我診斷。一種常見的治療方法是坐在一個明亮的燈箱前30分鐘，以告知身體該醒來了。但燈箱的缺點是它們只在使用的當天有效，因此需要每天使用。另一種可能效果更持久的治療方法是認知行為療法（Cognitive Behavioral Therapy，簡稱CBT），這是一種談話療法形式。由於負面思維往往會滋生負面情緒，CBT旨在鼓勵更中立的思維方式。例如，「我討厭冬天」可以被重新定義為「冬天不是我最喜歡的季節，但我仍然找到一些享受的事物」。此外，尋找冬季愛好也可能有所幫助。患有SAD的人通常有一些只適合夏季的愛好，比如種花或去海灘。人們被鼓勵尋找室內愛好，比如編織、閱讀或去健身房，來提高他們的情緒。無論是使用光療還是談話療法，都沒有理由不尋求心理健康治療，即使症狀只在一年中的幾個月內出現。

【用戶】Jamie

【年級】高三下

【評論內容】(A) SAD affects men more than women.About three times as many women as men get SAD.第二段最後一行應改為SAD affects  women more than men.

【用戶】112年已上岸，再接再厲

【年級】博二下

【評論內容】根據這篇文章，以下哪項陳述是正確的？(A) SAD 對男性的影響大於對女性的影響。The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD.這種情況也因性別而異。 患悲傷情緒的女性人數大約是男性的三倍。(B) 夏季 SAD 比冬季 SAD 少見。(O) >夏季SAD僅10%Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead. 隨後的研究發現，季節性抑鬱症對北緯地區的影響更大，大約 10% 的季節性抑鬱症患者在夏季出現症狀。(C) 冬季抑鬱症通常是由濕度引發的。But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep.但為什麼日光不足會導致一些人出現臨床抑鬱症呢？ 一個主要理論是，日光的變化會擾亂我們身體褪黑激素的釋放，褪黑激素是大腦每晚釋放的一種促進睡眠的激素。(D) 冬季抑鬱症患者可能會食慾不振。The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things.冬季抑鬱症最常見的症狀是睡眠增加，比平常更想睡覺，以及食慾增加和對事物缺乏興趣。

【用戶】<º))))>

【年級】高二上

【評論內容】根據文章，以下哪個陳述是真實的？答案是(B) 夏季SAD比冬季SAD更不常見。文章中提到約有10％的SAD患者在夏季也有症狀，而其他陳述在文章中未提及或未被證實。

【用戶】<º))))>

【年級】高二上

【評論內容】根據文章，以下哪個陳述是真實的？答案是(B) 夏季SAD比冬季SAD更不常見。文章中提到約有10％的SAD患者在夏季也有症狀，而其他陳述在文章中未提及或未被證實。

【用戶】火斑喵(撰寫詳解+朝目標持

【年級】國一下

【評論內容】★【自製破解筆記】★(望能幫上大家!)(●´ω｀●)ゞ★【速解●文章中找答案】★50. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(根據文章，下列敘述何者"正確"?)(A) SAD affects men more than women. (SAD影響男性勝過女性)---(X)錯誤。是"女性勝過男性"!請看第二段:The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD.女性得到SAD是男性的大約三倍之多。(B) Summer SAD is less common than winter SAD. (夏季SAD比冬季SAD更少見)---(O)正確。請看第一段: winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).這冬天的藍色憂鬱為-叫做:「季節性情緒失調(SAD)」。10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead.10%的受SAD所苦的患者反而會在夏季時節有著(=出現)症狀。)(C) Winter depression is often triggered by humidity. (冬季憂鬱症時常受濕度引發)---(X)錯誤。是"夏季"的!請看第三段: As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity.至於夏季的SAD，觸發反應的刺激物可能包括了熱度[高溫]與濕度[潮濕]。(D) Sufferers of winter depression are likely to lose appetite. (冬季憂鬱症患者可能失去食慾)---(X)錯誤。是"增加"食慾!請看第二段: The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. 最常見被報導的冬天憂鬱症的症狀是嗜睡症(睡眠過度症)-比平時更渴望睡眠[=想睡覺]，也(還有)增加食慾[=胃口變大想吃]以及對事物缺乏興趣[=興趣缺缺、意興闌珊]。Answer: 選(B)。[句中詞彙集]: d(`･∀･)b▲ according to - (prep)根據▲ passage - (N)1.一段文章 2.通道▲ statement - (N)敘述▲ be likely to (可能~)▼下方為文章全文▼        When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead.          第一段: (Norman Rosenthal-一位精神病學家(精神科醫生)，當他從南非移居到紐約城市時，注意到他在該城市的寒冷而短暫的冬天日子裡比他在故鄉時感覺到更憂鬱沮喪。數年後，他發表了第一篇論文(文章)來科學上的命名[科學命名]這冬天的藍色憂鬱為-叫做:「季節性情緒失調(SAD)」。隨後的研究(也)已經發現到說這個季節性的憂鬱症更影響著在北緯的那群人，並且大約有著10%的受SAD所苦的患者反而會在夏季時節有著(=出現)症狀。)[句中詞彙集]: d(`･∀･)b▲ move from A to B (從A搬至B)▲ psychiatrist - (N)精神病學家；精神科醫生▲ notice - (V/N)注意▲ depressed - (Adj.)憂鬱的-> depression - (N)憂鬱症▲ during - (prep)在...的期間▲ home country (n.故鄉；家鄉；母國；祖國)▲ publish - (V)發表[論文等文章]；出版[書籍]▲ paper - (N)論文文章；紙張▲ scientifically - (ADV)科學上地▲ name - (N)名字 (V)命名▲ blue - (N)藍色；憂鬱▲ Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) (季節性情緒失調)▲ subsequent - (Adj.)隨後的；隨之而來的▲ affect - (V)影響▲ northern - (Adj.)北方的；北邊的▲ latitude - (N)緯度▲ about - (prep)1.關於 2.大約地[+數字]▲ sufferer - (N)受...[疾病]所苦的患者=患病者▲ symptom - (N)症狀；表徵▲ instead - (ADV)反而；卻          The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD.第二段: (最常見被報導的冬天憂鬱症的症狀是嗜睡症(睡眠過度症)-比平時更渴望睡眠[=想睡覺]，也(還有)增加食慾[=胃口變大想吃]以及對事物缺乏興趣[=興趣缺缺、意興闌珊]。根據專家的說法，是大多數的人會在青年時期經歷這些症狀，但SAD可以在人生(生命)中的任何階段開始。這種狀況也因性別而異。女性得到SAD是男性的大約三倍之多)[句中詞彙集]: d(`･∀･)b▲ the + most + Adj. (最...的[最高級])▲ report - (V/N)報導；報告▲ hypersomnia - (N)嗜睡症；睡眠過度症▲ desire - (N)渴望▲ as well as (也~)▲ increased - (Adj.)增加的▲ appetite - (N)食慾；胃口▲ lack + of + N (缺乏/缺少N.)▲ interest - (V)感興趣 (N)興趣[+in]▲ according to - (prep)根據▲ most - (Adj.)大多數的；大部分的▲ experience - (N)經驗 (V)經歷▲ stage - (N)1.舞台 2.階段▲ condition - (N)狀況▲ vary - (V)改變▲ three times as many A as B (A是B的3倍之多)       But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated.第三段: (然而(到底是)為何缺少日光(=日光照射不足)會使一些人臨床性地憂鬱呢? 一個主要的理論是日光的改變(會)中斷了我們身體釋放褪黑素-一種大腦每晚釋放來促進睡眠的荷爾蒙(=激素)。隨著冬天時的日光供應漸漸減少，褪黑素就可能會隨之漸漸消逝。那就意謂著早上的身體仍處於生物夜晚的狀態。至於夏季的SAD，觸發反應的刺激物可能包括了熱度[高溫]與濕度[潮濕]。夏季的SAD患者比較多的往往是感覺到易怒煩躁的與受煽動鼓動而激動的[焦慮心神不寧]，而不是感到沒精打采不活潑的。)[句中詞彙集]: d(`･∀･)b▲ daylight - (N)日光▲ clinically - (ADV)臨床上地▲ leading - (Adj.)領銜的；主要的▲ theory - (N)理論▲ disrupt - (V)使中斷、瓦解▲ release - (V)釋放▲ melatonin (n.褪黑素)▲ hormone - (N)[人體]荷爾蒙；激素▲ promote - (V)促進▲ as - (Conj)1.隨著 2.當 3.因為▲ supply - (V/N)供應▲ dwindle - (V)漸漸減少▲ wear off - (V)漸漸消逝▲ mean - (V)意思是；意謂著▲ state - (N)狀態▲ biological - (Adj.)生物的▲ as for + N. (至於N.)▲ trigger - (V)觸發；扣下板機 (N)觸發引起反應的刺激物▲ include - (V)包括▲ heat - (V)加熱 (N)熱度；高溫▲ humidity - (N)濕度；潮濕▲ instead of + N (而不是~)▲ lethargic - (Adj.)沒精打采、死氣沉沉、無生氣的、不活潑的▲ patient - (N)病患 (Adj.)有耐心的▲ irritable - (Adj.)易怒煩躁的▲ agitated - (Adj.)受煽動鼓動而激動的[焦慮心神不寧]       Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily. Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.第四段: (專家們說一個專業的診斷是對於治療而言至關重要的第一步，並且自我診斷是不被建議的。一項常見的治療方式是坐在明亮的[燈火通明的]光盒(燈箱)前面30分鐘來對/向身體發出訊號-起床時間到了! (該起床囉!)但光盒的缺點/短處是它只在你使用它的那一天(該日)有作用，所以你需要每日地使用它。另一項可能有著持續較長/久益處的治療方式是「認知行為療法(CBT)」-一種對話/對談療法的形式。因為負面思考傾向於(就易於)滋生孕育出負面的情緒，CBT旨在鼓勵更中性/中立的思維(思想)。舉例來說，"我討厭冬天"可以被重塑框架[重新界定]為"冬天不是我最喜愛的季節，但我仍可找到能享受的事=找到樂子。此外，找尋冬天時節的嗜好可能也有幫助喔! 患有著SAD的人時常有著夏季特有的嗜好，例如栽種花園或去海灘。人們被鼓勵去找一些室內的嗜好，例如: 針織(織毛衣等)、閱讀或去體育館/健身房(藉此)來提高他們的心情，而不是在毯子底下冬蛰(=冬眠)。不管是使用日光療法還是對話療法，都沒有理由不去尋求心理健康的治療方式，儘管(就算即使是)症狀一年中只(僅僅)出現數月。)[句中詞彙集]: d(`･∀･)b▲ professional - (Adj.)專業的；職業級的▲ diagnosis - (N)診斷▲ crucial - (Adj.)至關重要的▲ step - (N)1.步伐 2.步驟▲ treatment - (N)1.對待 2.治療▲ suggest - (V)建議▲ common - (Adj.)常見的▲ in front of + N. (在 N. 的前面/前方)▲ bright - (Adj.)明亮的▲ signal - (V)發出信號 (N)信號燈；信號器▲ It's time to VR(do sth.) - (做什麼事)的時候/時間到了▲ drawback - (N)缺點；短處▲ work - (V)起作用▲ daily - (ADV)每日地▲ lasting - (Adj.)持久的▲ benefit - (N)好處；益處▲ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (認知行為療法)▲ form - (N)形式▲ therapy - (N)療法▲ negative - (Adj.)負面的▲ tend to ~ (傾向於~=易於)▲ breed - (V)滋生；孕育▲ emotion - (N)情緒▲ aim to (旨在)▲ encourage - (V)鼓勵▲ neutral - (Adj.)中立的▲ reframe - (V)重塑框架▲ moreover - (ADV)此外▲ hobby - (N)嗜好▲ specific - (Adj.)特定的；特有的▲ such as - (prep)例如▲ hibernate - (V)冬蛰(=冬眠)▲ blanket - (N)毯子▲ indoor - (Adj.)室內的▲ knit - (V)針織▲ boost - (V)提高；提升▲ mood - (N)心情▲ whether A or B (不管是A還是B)▲ seek - (V)尋求▲ mental - (Adj.)心理的▲ even if - (conj.)儘管；雖然 = even though = though = although ▲ present - (V)出現P.S希望我的說明，大家會喜歡。有誤，請不吝指教喔!˗ˋˏ ♡ ˎˊ˗喜歡的話，幫我按個讚好嗎?!‎|•'-'•) ✧謝謝大家~(〃'▽'〃)