【評論主題】65.金屬瓷合金（metal-ceramic alloys）的折斷強度約為一般聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂（polymethyl methacrylate）的多少倍？ (A)10 (B)20 (C)30 (D)4
【評論內容】參考Contemporary fixed prosthodontics Ch15 Interim fixed prosthesis p403The greatest stresses in an interim fixed restoration occur during mastication. Unless the patient avoids contacting the prosthesis when eating, internal stresses are similar to those occurring in the definitive restoration. However, the strength of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin is about one-twentieth that of metal-ceramic alloys, and thus the interim fixed restoration is much more likely to fracture.
【評論主題】48.全顎植體固定義齒（complete fixed implant prosthesis）在設計金屬支架時，下列那一種支架斷面設計最不常使用？ (A)L-shape (B)I-shape (C)E-
【評論內容】
摘錄自Contemporary Fixed ProsthodonticsCh13 p355 參考下Figure 13-51
【評論主題】17.排列全口義齒上顎門齒時，常以門齒乳頭（incisive papilla）作為參考點，下列敘述何者錯誤？(A)門齒乳突與自然齒列正中門齒的相關位置相當穩定 (B)自然齒列上顎正中門齒的切緣唇側大約
【評論內容】摘錄自Prosthodontics Tr☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ ...
【評論主題】11.有關翼下顎縫（pterygomandibular raphe）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？(A)為界於下咽縮肌（inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle）與頰肌（b
【評論內容】Pterygomandibular ra☆☆☆ ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆...
【評論主題】10.關於唾液及其對全口義齒的影響，下列敘述何者錯誤？(A)正常休息時，唾液流速約 1 ml/minute (B)年紀是影響唾液分泌的主要因素（primary factor） (C)配戴上顎義齒多年可
【評論內容】摘自Prosthodontics tre☆☆☆☆☆☆ ...
【評論主題】9.關於下顎之頰棚（buccal shelf）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？(A)其範圍介於下顎頰繫帶（buccal frenum）至咬肌（masseter muscle）之後緣 (B)由緻密（dense）的
【評論內容】The buccal shelf is ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆☆ ...
【評論主題】68.關於牙根覆蓋手術的選擇，下列敘述何者錯誤？(A)冠向移位翻瓣術（coronal advanced flap），在單一的或多處的牙齦萎縮都可使用 (B)表皮下結締組織移植術（subepitheli
【評論內容】
參考Lindhe 7eCh39 p1010 Selection of surgical procedure for root coverage原文摘錄：For maxillary teeth, the coronally advanced flap may be considered as the basic procedure to be used for single as well as multiple recessions. If the quality of the mucosa apical to the recessions is considered inadequate for root coverage, the procedure is combined with the placement of a CTG.In the mandible, the placement of a free CTG with an “envelope” or a “tunnel” preparation is preferred because of a thin mucosa apical to the recession and often the presence of multiple frenula, that is, condi‐tions not suitable for a coronally advanced flap. In case of a localized single recession defect of moder‐ate depth, a rotational flap may be used if keratinized mucosa of sufficient dimensions is available lateral to the recession.整理如下
上顎：Coronally advanced flap: Single / Multiple recessionMucosa條件不好就加CTG下顎：通常用Envelope or Tunnel都加CTG (因為多thin phenotype或kt不夠 所以也不適合coronally advanced)如果條件夠(KT足夠) rotational flap也可以【評論主題】66.根據Cortellini和Tonetti的建議，當骨內缺損（intrabony defects）深度超過多少mm、角度小於多少度時，有最佳的牙周再生效果？ (A)5；37 (B)3；37 (C)
【評論內容】
摘錄自lindhe 7e
Ch38 regenerative surgery p909
In a controlled study, however, it was demonstrated that deep and shallow defects have the “same potential” for regeneration (Cortellini et al. 1998). Deep defects (>3 mm) resulted in larger linear CAL gain than shallow defects (3.7 ± 1.7 mm versus 2.2 ± 1.3 mm), but the percentage of CAL gain as related to the baseline defect depth was similar in deep (76.7 ± 27.7%) and in shallow (75.8 ± 45%) defects.
Another important morphologic characteristic of the defect is the width of the intrabony component, measured as the angle that the bony wall of the defect forms with the long axis of the tooth (Steffensen & Weber 1989). Wider defects have been associated with reduced CAL and bone gain at 1 year (Tonetti et al. 1993a, 1996a; Garrett et al. 1988). In a study on 242 intrabony defects treated with membranes, Cortellini and Tonetti (1999) demonstrated that defects with a radiographic angle of ≤25° gained consistently more attachment (1.6 mm on average) than defects with an angle of ≥37°.
【評論主題】62.關於胞膜受體與牙周細菌的敘述，下列何者錯誤？(A)細胞膜上的類鐸受體-4（toll-like receptor- 4）可以識別革蘭氏陰性菌細胞壁的成分脂肪多醣 （lipopolysacchari
【評論內容】整理自Carranza Ch7. per☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ ...
【評論主題】61.關於咬合創傷（trauma from occlusion）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？(A)牙周韌帶變寬 (B)牙齒動搖度增加 (C)伴隨明顯的牙齒磨耗 (D)伴隨牙齒病理性移位
【評論內容】
整理自Caranzza Ch33 Periodontal response to external forces p333-334
Clinical
Radiographic
1. Injury stage: increased tooth mobility
2. Final stage (accommodation of the PDL): Widening of PDL, increased tooth mobility (not pathologically)-> progressively worse, it can then be considered pathologic-> advanced bone loss, inflammation of the PDL, some systemic causes
1. Increased width of the PDL space, often with thickening of the lamina dura along the lateral aspect of the root, in the apical region and in bifurcation
2. Vertical destruction of the interdental septum
3. Radiolucency and condensation of the alveolar bone
4. Root resorption
【評論主題】56.下列何種細胞之抗原呈現（antigen presentation）功能不是經toll-like receptors（TLRs）來認知pathogen- associated molecular
【評論內容】
摘錄自Lindhe 7e Ch10 ...
【評論主題】43.關於汞齊（amalgam）性質的敍述，下列何者錯誤？(A)汞齊的熱膨脹線性係數（linear coefficient of thermal expansion）是牙齒的2.5倍 (B)高銅汞齊的
【評論內容】
摘自Sturdevant's art and science of operative dentistry
Ch10 pp307
The linear coeficient of the thermal expansion of amalgam is 2.5 times greater than that of tooth structure, but it is closer to that of tooth structure than the linear coeficient of thermal expansion of composite. Although the compressive strength of high-copper amalgam is similar to tooth structure, the tensile strength is lower, making amalgam restorations prone to fracture during flexure. Usually, high-copper amalgam fracture is a bulk fracture, not a marginal fracture. All amalgams are brittle and have low edge strength.
As such, the amalgam restoration must have suicient bulk (usually 1.5–2 mm in any occlusally loaded area, depending on the position within the tooth) and a 90-degree marginal configuration
【評論主題】38.關於複合樹脂填補的敘述，下列何者錯誤？(A)結構因子（C factor）會影響牙本質鍵結強度 (B)牙釉質窩洞壁修磨的斜面（bevel）加寛，可增強窩洞邊緣封閉效果 (C)複合樹脂的熱膨脹係數為
【評論內容】
摘自Sturdevant's art and science of operative dentistry
Ch5. Fundamental Concepts of Enamel and Dentin Adhesions pp142
The linear coeicient of thermal expansion (CTE) of hybrid and microilled composites is about two to three times and four times greater than that of dentin, respectively.
【評論主題】36.對於低（low）與高（high）齲齒風險的成人，分別建議各需多久回診？(A)低風險：9-12個月；高風險：3個月 (B)低風險：9-12 個月；高風險：4-6 個月 (C)低風險：4-6 個月；
【評論內容】
摘錄自Sturdevant's art and science of operative dentistry
Ch2 p75
【評論主題】34.關於瓷鑲面（porcelain veneer）與牙釉質之鍵結，下列敘述何者錯誤？(A)牙釉質以磷酸（phosphoric acid）處理可增加機械性鍵結 (B)牙釉質表面不需以矽烷偶合劑（sil
【評論內容】摘自Sturdevant's Art a☆☆ ...
【評論主題】31.金屬鑄造體裙狀修形（skirting）較不適用於下列何者？(A)上顎第二小臼齒遠心頰面 (B)上顎第一小臼齒近心頰面 (C)下顎第二小臼齒遠心頰面 (D)下顎第一大臼齒近心頰面
【評論內容】
摘錄自Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry
Ch18 Class II Cast-Metal Restoration pp. e122
A disadvantage of skirting is that it increases the display of metal on the facial and lingual surfaces of the tooth. For this reason, skirts are not placed on the mesiofacial margin of maxillary premolars and irst molars. Skirting the remaining three line angles of the tooth provides ample retention and resistance forms.
因為skirting會露出邊緣的金屬，美觀因素不適用於Mesialfacial margin of maxillary premolar & molar
【評論主題】30.關於冠蓋體（onlay）的咬頭修磨，下列敘述何者錯誤？(A)會延伸到頰側或舌側溝 (B)可重新調整咬合關係 (C)可增加抗力（resistance）的效果 (D)可增加固位（retention）
【評論內容】(B) Cusp capping設計的b☆☆☆☆...
【評論主題】28.關於牙釉質的特性，下列敘述何者錯誤？(A)牙釉質比牙本質容易斷裂，是因為牙釉質的低彈性係數（elastic modulus）所導致 (B)就牙釉質的厚度而言，臼齒較小臼齒厚 (C)一般來說，不管
【評論內容】Enamel: strong and brittle
high elastic modulus -> hardest substance of human body
high compressive strength + low tensile strength -> brittle
Dentin: more flexible, strong and resilientlow elastic modulus
high compressive strength + high tensile strength -> resilient
(A) 應改為 low tensile strength
【評論主題】25.進行活髓治療血管再形成術式（revascularization procedures）時，下列敘述何者錯誤？(A)應選用不含腎上腺素（epinephrine）的麻藥 (B)使用雙氯苯雙胍己烷（c
【評論內容】整理自Pathway Ch10 rege☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ ...
【評論主題】22.下列何者不是影響人為根管穿孔修補預後（prognosis of perforation repair）的主要因素？(A)穿孔修補是否能達到良好的封閉 (B)穿孔的原因 (C)穿孔的位置 (D)發
【評論內容】
摘錄自Pathway Ch1 diagnosis p26
Perforation:
The treatment prognosis of root perforations depends on the size, location, time of diagnosis and treatment, degree of periodontal damage, as well as the sealing ability and biocompatibility of the repair material.
【評論主題】21.關於牙根尖組織病變的敘述，下列敘述何者錯誤？(A)大約有15～42%的牙根尖組織病變會轉變成囊腫（cyst） (B)真性囊腫（true cyst）往往伴隨著連續性的上皮細胞，並與牙齒產生隔離現象
【評論內容】
摘錄自Pathway Ch8 Nonsurgical retreatment p326
The incidence of periapical cysts has been reported to be 15% to 42% of all periapical lesions, and determining whether a periapical radiolucency is a cyst or the more common periapical granuloma cannot be done with available radiographic methods. There are two types of periapical cysts: the periapical true cyst and the periapical pocket cyst. True cysts have a contained cavity or lumen within a continuous epithelial lining and are therefore isolated from the tooth, whereas with pocket cysts, the lumen is open to the root canal of the affected tooth. True cysts, due to their self-sustaining nature, probably do not heal following nonsurgical endodontic therapy and usually require surgical enucleation.
【評論主題】20.Enterococcus faecalis是根管治療失敗病例中，最常發現的致病菌種，因為其具有下列何項特殊的性質？(A)因為其低鹼耐受性，Enterococcus faecalis可以抵抗大部分
【評論內容】整理自Pathway Ch14 Micr☆☆☆☆☆☆ ...
【評論主題】19.理想的情況下，傷口的軟組織癒合成熟期（maturation phase）約在何時發生？纖維母細胞（fibroblast）的數量會如何變化？ (A)術後5～7天；纖維母細胞減少 (B)術後5～7天
【評論內容】摘錄自Pathway Ch9. peri...
【評論主題】18.關於汞齊（amalgam）、IRM與MTA等根管逆充填材料的特性，下列敘述何者錯誤？(A)材料調拌後的凝固時間（setting time）：汞齊大於MTA (B)調拌後24小時展現的抗壓強度（c
【評論內容】根據Pathway ch9 root-e☆☆ ...
【評論主題】11.根管再治療時必須使用溶解劑如chloroform（氯仿）、halothane（溴氯三氟乙烷）、eucalyptol （尤加利油）或甲基氯仿（methyl chloroform）溶解馬來膠，下列敘
【評論內容】
根據Pathway Ch8 Nonsurgical retreatment p348:
Methylchloroform is less toxic than chloroform, it is also less effective as a solvent for gutta-percha.
【評論主題】10.根管治療中以X光照射來測量工作長度時，為使頰舌側根管能分辨清楚，下列偏移方法何者錯誤？(A)照射下顎小臼齒時將放射錐（cone）朝近心側偏移（mesial shift） (B)照射上顎大臼齒時將
【評論內容】
Endodontics: Principles and Practice 5e p214-215
【評論主題】9.脫落齒在清除完牙根及齒槽內的髒汙後，依標準程序，其口外乾燥時間在那一種情況下，牙根表面不需額外處理即可植回？ (A)大於1小時且牙根已閉合 (B)大於1小時且牙根未閉合 (C)小於1小時且牙根已閉
【評論內容】1.時間決定Root surface的P☆☆ ☆☆☆☆...
【評論主題】8.有關牙齒外傷後，產生牙髓根管堵塞（pulp canal obliteration）的現象，下列敘述何者錯誤？(A)牙冠可能呈現較黃的色澤 (B)通常是因為牙髓受到外傷刺激而壞死所產生的現象 (C)
【評論內容】
摘錄自Pathway:
Pulp Canal Obliteration (Calcification)
The exact mechanism of pulp canal obliteration is unknown. It has been theorized that the sympathetic/parasympathetic control of blood flow to the odontoblasts is altered, resulting in uncontrolled reparative dentin. Another theory is that hemorrhage and blood clot formation in the pulp after injury form a nidus for subsequent calcification if the pulp remains vital.
【評論主題】6.根據2007年美國心臟學會（AHA）與美國牙醫學會（ADA）建議的準則，關於根管治療時使用預防性抗生素的敘述，下列何者錯誤？ (A)有人工心臟瓣膜（artificial heart valve）的
【評論內容】
根據aha 2007 guide line 需要在術前30-60分鐘服用使藥物濃度達到保護的作用
另外值得注意的是 2021新guideline並不建議對Amoxicillin過敏的病人使用clindamycin而改成Cephalexin Azithromycin Clarithromycin Doxycycline
【評論主題】2.關於牙髓腔內血液循環的敘述，下列何者錯誤？(A)牙冠牙髓腔內血管叢的密度是牙根牙髓腔內的2倍 (B)牙髓組織中血液的重量（weight）占牙髓所有組織的3% (C)病患在急性牙髓炎有搏動性的牙痛感
【評論內容】(C) C fibers: dull, ☆☆☆☆☆☆, ☆☆ ...
【評論主題】80.全身接受到輻射劑量達 1.5Gy，會有以下那種症狀產生？(A)胃腸道症狀（gastrointestinal symptoms） (B)嚴重血液造血不良（severe hematopoietic
【評論內容】
【評論主題】79.下列何者不是 X 光攝影中，傳統攝影對於數位攝影的競爭優勢？(A)單一底片價格較低 (B)成像品質較高 (C)容易維護 (D)成像操作較簡單
【評論內容】
摘錄自《Oral Radiology Principles and Interpretation》Ch4 Digital Imaging p41:
Digital systems also have many disadvantages compared with film. The initial expense of setting up a digital imaging system is relatively high. Certain components, such as the electronic x-ray receptor used in some intraoral systems, are susceptible to rough handling and are costly to replace. Because digital systems use evolving technologies, there is a risk—perhaps even a likelihood—of systems becoming obsolete or manufacturers going out of business. The excellent image quality and comparatively low cost of a properly exposed and processed film keeps film-based radiography competitive with digital alternatives.
【評論主題】67.臺灣口腔健康監測系統建議對學齡前兒童、學齡兒童及成人分別訂定監測指標，下列何者為三個族群的共同監測指標？ (A)未治療齲齒 (B)牙齒之窩溝封填 (C)牙齦狀況 (D)黏膜狀況
【評論內容】參考自
台灣口腔健康促進網－口腔健康監測模式建立之研究
Taiwan Oral Health-Promoting System (TOHPS)-establishing a Study Model for a National Oral Health Surveillance System中華牙醫學雜誌（中文版）25卷2期 (2006 / 06 / 01)https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=10103287-200606-25-2-112-123-a&PublishTypeID=P001表1
【評論主題】25.依牙齒本身的移動範圍（envelope of discrepancy）理論，有關下顎門牙齒列矯正，下列敘述何者錯誤？(A)下顎門牙可向前移動量大於可向後移動量 (B)下顎門牙可突出量（extru
【評論內容】
【評論主題】20.關於上顎生長不足（maxillary deficiency）的生長調控（growth modification），目前針對上顎前拉（maxillaryprotraction）的處置，下列敘述何者
【評論內容】
Ch13. Treatment of Skeletal Transverse and Class III Problems p444
Class III Elastics to Maxillary and Mandibular Miniplates
In the timing of treatment, two related factors are important. First, adequate bone density to retain the screws does not develop until approximately age 11; second, the mandibular bone plates should not be inserted until the permanent mandibular canines have erupted, which should not be a problem because they usually erupt at approximately 9 years of age. This means treatment with this method cannot begin until the patient is already too old for a good response to facemask therapy—but it also means that now there is a way to obtain excellent maxillary protraction for patients who are too old to hope for a good response to facemask therapy. With the skeletally anchored Class III elastics, a favorable growth response can be obtained throughout the adolescent growth spurt, so treatment for about 1 year between the ages 12 and 14 is the best plan.
【評論主題】19.下列何種裝置較適合用來治療短臉型二級異常咬合？①機能矯正裝置（activator） ②哈柏矯正裝置（Herbstappliance） ③頸部式頭套（cervical headgear） ④高拉式
【評論內容】Short face/deep bite☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ ...
【評論主題】18.利用方線固定裝置將上顎齒列所有牙齒連結成一體，使用頭套（headgear）往後上方牽引，此時上顎齒列的抗力中心（center of resistance）前後位置，大約位於下列何處？ (A)第一
【評論內容】
摘錄自Profitt Ch14 Growth Modification in Class II, Open Bite/Deep Bite, and Multidimensional Problems p477
In practice, it is difficult to analyze exactly where the center of resistance and center of rotation of the maxilla might be, but they are above the teeth and most likely above the premolar teeth. Directing the line of force closer to the center of resistance is another major reason for including an upward direction of pull for most children who have headgear force to the maxilla.
就理解上，上顎Anchorage最大的就是臼齒再來犬齒，如果整個Arch連為一體Center of resisrance應該也會前移，所以選擇小臼齒也滿合理的（雖然課本的Headgear圖都為了簡化只標示molar）
【評論主題】39.使用 panoramic view 攝影片來評估可植牙之骨骼高度時，應注意此片子在部分區域最大的放大率可達多少？(A)9％ (B)19％ (C)29％ (D)39％
【評論內容】參考Contemporary Ch14 p257
【評論主題】33.使用類固醇來減少阻生齒拔除後的腫脹時，下列何者是合理的給藥方式？(A)術前口服 dexamethasone 1 mg，術後不繼續使用 (B)術前口服 dexamethasone 8 mg，術後靜
【評論內容】
摘自Contemporary Ch10 Principles of Management of Impacted Teeth p184
To minimize the swelling that is common after the surgical removal of impacted third molars, some surgeons give parenteral corticosteroids. Intravenous administration of a glucocorticoid steroid provides sufficient antiinflammatory activity to greatly limit edema. Although many different regimens and protocols for intravenous steroid administration exist, a relatively common one is the single administration of 8 mg dexamethasone before surgery. Dexamethasone is a long-acting steroid, and its efficacy in controlling third molar postsurgical edema is documented. This drug can then be continued in an oral dose of 0.75 to 1.25 mg twice a day for 2 to 3 days to continue edema control.
【評論主題】32.拔除下顎有兩個牙根以上之遠心傾斜的阻生齒，下列何種齒切除術比較適當？(A)先將後側牙冠部分切除 (B)先將前側牙冠部分切除 (C)先將牙冠橫切斷 (D)先將牙齒前後對半切斷
【評論內容】順便整理一下MesioangularDistoangularVertical切Crown Distal side橫切CrownCrown直的切到Furcation，把根分開
【評論主題】21.治療初期顳顎關節疾病，通常會給予止痛劑，建議給藥最長不超過多久？(A)7 天 (B)14 天 (C)21 天 (D)28 天
【評論內容】
參考自Contemporary Ch31 Management of Temporomandibular Disorders p662
止痛藥與肌肉鬆弛劑皆建議不要超過10-14天(2周)
【評論主題】19.糖尿病引發的低血糖（hypoglycemia）導致意識改變時，下列緊急處理何者正確？(A)飲用高熱量碳水化合物，如含糖飲料 (B)口服 1mg 昇糖素（glucagon） (C)靜脈給予 5％葡
【評論內容】
節錄自Contemporary Ch2 Prevention and Management of Medical Emergencies p35-36
If a patient with diabetes indicates a feeling of low blood sugar or if signs or symptoms of hypoglycemia appear, the procedure being performed should be stopped and the patient should be allowed to consume a high-caloric carbohydrate such as a few packets of sugar, a glass of fruit juice, or other sugar-containing oral agent (glucose gel or paste). If the patient fails to improve rapidly, becomes unconscious, or is otherwise unable to take a glucose source by mouth, venous access should be gained and an ampule (50 mL) of 50% glucose (dextrose) in water should be administered intravenously over 2 to 3 minutes. If venous access cannot be established, 1 mg of glucagon can be given intramuscularly. If 50% glucose and glucagon are unavailable, a 0.5-mL dose of 1 : 1000 epinephrine can be administered subcutaneously and repeated every 15 minutes as needed (Fig. 2.10).
(A) 若只是初期可以使用，已經意識模糊則不建議
(B) IM非PO
(C) 改為50%
【評論主題】18.病人在藥物注射後，發生第一型過敏症狀，呈哮喘（wheezing）及輕度呼吸困難（mild dyspnea），下列處理方法中，何者錯誤？ (A)將病人置於坐的體位 (B)注射 Medihaler-
【評論內容】詳細處理步驟可參考以下Contempor☆☆☆★...
【評論主題】17.麻醉時出現 malignant hyperthermia，下列何者是最常見的初期症狀？(A)體溫升高 (B)發汗 (C)心跳加速 (D)發紺
【評論內容】
摘錄自Peterson's Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Ch2 Medical Management and Preoperative Patient Assessment p36
One of the earliest features of developing MH is hypercarbia as seen through an increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide. This is followed by tachycardia, muscle rigidity, metabolic acidosis, and hyperthermia.
【評論主題】16.雙側唇腭裂患者需要接受大量骨移植修補缺損，下列何者是自體骨的最佳來源？(A)下顎骨（mandible） (B)肋骨（rib） (C)腸骨（ilium） (D)脛骨（tibia）
【評論內容】
摘錄自Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Ch28 Management of Patients with Orofacial Clefts p621
... The bone placed into the alveolar cleft is usually obtained from the patient’s ilium or cranium ...
【評論主題】14.在急診室看見病人的臨床情況如附圖所示，針對眼睛部位出現的徵狀，下列敘述何者最不合理？ (A)可能顯示顱骨方面的骨折，特別是耳後如果合併有 Battle's sign (B)可能顯示為鼻
【評論內容】
整理自Contemporary Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery Ch25 p520
Battle sign = Bruises behind the ear: basilar skull fractureNOE complex fracture: spreading of the nasal bones and displacement of the medial canthal ligaments, resulting in traumatic telecanthus (眼眥間距變寬)【評論主題】12.根據力學分析理論，下顎骨骨折的固定，下列何者正確？(A)骨聯合處（symphysis）受力為彎曲力（bending force），固定裝置應盡量放置於骨折下緣 (B)骨聯合處（symphysis
【評論內容】
參考Peterson's Principle of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Ch16 Rigid versus Nonrigid Fixation p379
The directions of forces that are distributed through the anterior mandible vary with the activity of the mandible. This means that the classic zones of tension on the superior and compression on the inferior surfaces of the mandible are not absolute. Instead, the anterior mandible undergoes shearing and torsional (twisting) forces during functional activities. Application of fixation devices must, therefore, take these factors into consideration. This is why most surgeons advocate two points of fixation in the symphysis: either two bone plates, two lag screws, or possibly one plate or lag screw combined with an arch bar (see Figure 16-1A–H).
【評論主題】9.18 歲男性患者雙側腮腺同時腫大，已三天，體溫 39℃，下列何診斷最有可能？(A)腮腺結石（sialolithiasis） (B)細菌性腮腺炎（bacterial parotitis） (C)病毒
【評論內容】
整理自Oral pathology (Regezi)
Bacetrial parotitis:
Etiology
generally due to microbial overgrowth in association with a reduction in salivary glow.a common postoperative complication of surgery related to inadequate hydration.Drug associated with a decreased salivary flow ratedue to trauma...Clinical features
onset of painful lateral facial swelling, low-grade fever, malaise and headache與Mumps比較：
Mumps: 雙側（單側約25%）、年輕人小孩，2-3天最腫，約10天後會開始消
Bacterial parotitis: 唾液腺分泌量減少，多老人、術後並發症、單側，約5-9天
【評論主題】8.有關瓦新氏腫瘤（Warthin's tumor）之敘述，下列何者正確？(A)最常出現在顎下腺 (B)較常出現在女性 (C)和抽菸與否無關 (D)腫瘤源自於唾液腺導管細胞
【評論內容】
(A) Parotid gland 第二常見良性腫瘤
(B) 男>女（通常唾液腺腫瘤女>男）
(C) 與抽菸有關（所以性別比可能也因此產生男多於女）
【評論主題】6.關於腺樣囊狀癌（adenoid cystic carcinoma）的敘述，下列何者正確？(A)為最常見的唾液腺惡性腫瘤，平均發生年齡為 40 歲 (B)通常腫瘤生長緩慢，表徵為慢性鈍痛及無潰瘍性的
【評論內容】
(A) 最常見唾液腺惡性腫瘤: Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma；最常見唾液腺腫瘤Pleomorphic adenoma
(C) 任何唾液腺皆可能發生，但50-60%在小唾液腺，而Palate為最常發生處
(D) Facial nerve palsy
【評論主題】4.顎骨傷口的癒合，造骨細胞（osteoblast）扮演重要角色，它可能源自？ ①periosteum ② endosteum ③ circulatingpluripotential mesenchy
【評論內容】
摘錄自Contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgery
Ch4 wound repair p48
Osteogenic cells (osteoblasts) important to bone healing are derived from the following three sources: (1) periosteum, (2) endosteum, and (3) circulating pluripotential mesenchymal cells.
Osteoclasts, derived from monocyte precursor cells, function to resorb necrotic bone and bone that needs to be remodeled.
【評論主題】2.下列口腔部位，何者在口腔手術後較不會產生水腫（edema）情形？(A)附連牙齦 (B)下唇 (C)口腔底部 (D)頰黏膜
【評論內容】
摘錄自Contemporary oral and maxilofacial surgery Ch3 Principle of surgery
Inflammation control
Edema occurs after surgery as a result of tissue injury. Edema is an accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space because of fluid transudation from damaged vessels and lymphatic obstruction by fibrin. Two variables help determine the degree of postsurgical edema: (1) The greater the amount of tissue injury, the greater is the amount of edema and (2) the looser the connective tissue that is contained in the injured region, the more edema that occurs. For example, attached gingiva has little loose connective tissue, so it exhibits little tendency toward edema; however, the lips and floor of the mouth contain large amounts of loose connective tissue and can swell significantly.
【評論主題】1.關於牙齒的神經支配，下列敘述何者錯誤？(A)主要的感覺神經是由三叉神經的V2及V3分支支配 (B)下頷臼齒的感覺神經可能由頸椎神經C2及C3分支支配 (C)A-δ 軸突（axons）有髓鞘（mye
【評論內容】
(D)錯誤：神經速度A-alpha > A-beta > A-gamma > A-delta
【評論主題】1.關於男性鼻部發育之敘述，下列何者正確？(A)鼻骨（nasal bone）發育在青春期達到生長高峰，鼻軟骨（Nasal cartilage）及周圍軟組織在青春期前即發育 完成 (B)鼻骨（nasal
【評論內容】
Profitt Ch2 p37
Growth of the nasal bone is complete at about age 10. Growth thereafter is only of the nasal cartilage and soft tissues, both of which undergo a considerable adolescent spurt.
【評論主題】1.對廣泛性焦慮（general anxiety）患者，牙科約診治療前需注意事項，下列何者錯誤？(A)必要時前一晚上給予安眠藥物 (B)必要時當天早上給予鎮靜藥物 (C)牙科治療儘量約診在早上 (D)
【評論內容】
摘錄自Contemporary Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Ch1 preoperative health status evaluation
(D) Morning appointment and schedule so that reception room time is minimized ->選項敘述應改為漸少候診時間
【評論主題】72.在臺灣口腔健康監測系統（Taiwan National Oral Health Surveillance System, T-NOHSS）中，何者為國小學童監測之目標族群？(A)一年級學童(B)
【評論內容】參考自
台灣口腔健康促進網－口腔健康監測模式建立之研究
Taiwan Oral Health-Promoting System (TOHPS)-establishing a Study Model for a National Oral Health Surveillance System中華牙醫學雜誌（中文版）25卷2期 (2006 / 06 / 01)https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=10103287-200606-25-2-112-123-a&PublishTypeID=P001
看摘要就好過去台灣地區的口腔健康調查，是由衛生等每隔五年委託不同學術單位進行，不僅使用的抽樣方法、檢測工具、乃至於診斷標準都可能不盡相同，其調查結果，亦無法及時回饋到相關決策體系。因此，本研究參考了英、美、歐盟等先進國家之。腔健康監測方法，提出建構[台灣口腔健康促進網(Taiwan Oral Health Promoting System, TOHPS)計畫。TOHPS的口腔檢查是以目視法為主，監測項目包括：未治療齲齒、齲齒經驗、恆牙第一大臼齒齲齒、恆牙之溝隙封填、治療急迫性、自然牙存留狀況、牙齦狀況、黏膜狀況以及幼兒早期性齲齒等項目。2004年以彰化縣及高雄縣國小三年級學貴為對象，進行監測系統的先驅研究，2005年除深化在彰、高兩縣的成果外，並繼續擴大至宜蘭、新竹、苗栗及壹中等四縣；監測對象亦延伸至學齡前幼童及成年人。TOHPS計畫不僅是一項學術研究，更是一項實務的口腔健康基礎建設。期望政府繼續深化TOHPS這兩年所建立的基礎，落實口腔健康促進工作；應用TOHPS的架構，推展口腔衛生教育及監測等相關活動；同時透過社區的參與，使口腔健康成為一項自然而且容易做到的事。【評論主題】57.八歲兒童騎車跌倒，造成左上正中門齒內縮約3mm。X光檢查發現無牙根斷裂情形，但根尖仍未關閉，牙根長度約形成3/4。當下最適當的處理方式為下列何者？(A)不做立即復位處理（reposition），
【評論內容】摘錄自McDonald 11eCh28 p644For a permanent tooth with a closed root end and intruded less than 3 mm, the treatment is to allow the tooth to erupt without intervention. If no movement is evident after 2–4 weeks, the tooth may be repositioned either orthodontically or surgically before ankylosis can occur. If the tooth is intruded 7 mm or more, the tooth is repositioned surgically and stabilized for 4–8 weeks by means of a flexible splint.
【評論主題】63.某牙醫師以100名50歲牙周病個案，與100名50歲無牙周病個案，試算其危險分數，並得到結果如下表： 若將大於等於5分（切點值）視為陽性，以下何者正確？(A)敏感度（sensitivity）為0
【評論內容】Predictive Positive (5分以上) = 80 (牙周病 true positive) + 40 (非牙周病 true negative)Predictive Negative (5分以下) = 20 (牙周病 true positive) + 60 (非牙周病 true negative)Predictive Positive Value 預測陽性中真的為陽性= 80/120 = 0.67Predictive Negative Value 預測陰性中真的為陰性= 60/80 = 0.75Sensitivity 陽性樣本中預測為陽性= 80 / 100 = 0.8Specificity 陰性樣本中預測為陰性= 60 / 100 = 0.6
【評論主題】53.下列橋體（pontic）的材質，何者最具生物親和性（biocompatibility），且易於清潔？(A)拋光後（polished）的18K金合金 (B)上釉瓷 (C)拋光後瓷 (D)拋光後複合
【評論內容】
Compemporary fixed prosthodontics, Ch20, p561
Glazed porcelain is generally considered the most biocompatible of the available pontic materials.
【評論主題】66.下列何種黏合劑（cement）與鈦金屬（titanium）之間會有化學作用，因此不適合用來黏著牙冠於鈦金屬支柱（abutment）上？ (A)玻璃離子體（glass ionomer）黏合劑 (B
【評論內容】Contemporary Fixed P...
【評論主題】50.製作根柱時，使用3號的Gates Glidden drill可修形出的根管空間直徑為多少mm ？(A)0.5 (B)0.7 (C)0.9 (D)1.1
【評論內容】
ISO size
Gates-Glidden Burs
Peeso Reamers
50
#1
70
#2
#1
90
#3
#2
110
#4
#3
130
#5
#4
150
#6
#5
#6
【評論主題】33.骨頭內的礦質化（mineralization）改變程度，最少要達多少百分比才能於一般X光片上診斷出來？(A)5% (B)15% (C)25% (D)35%
【評論內容】
根據McCracken's Removable Partial Denture
Ch13 Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
節錄如下
Radiographic evaluation of bone quality is hazardous but is often necessary. It is essential to emphasize that changes in bone mineralization up to 25% often cannot be recognized by ordinary radiographic means.
【評論主題】8.全口義齒製作時，關於取得上下顎咬合紀錄（interocclusal record）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？(A)咬合紀錄可分為靜態的（static）、圖形的（graphic）或功能性的（functi
【評論內容】根據Prosthodontic Trea☆☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ...
【評論主題】7.製作全口義齒時，可於下顎咬合堤上記錄患者口角的位置，以作為排列下列那個牙齒位置的參考？①側門齒②犬齒 ③第一小臼齒 ④第二小臼齒 (A)①② (B)②③ (C)③④ (D)僅②
【評論內容】根據Prosthodontic trea☆☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ...
【評論主題】22.使用閉合型環線（closing loop）關閉拔牙空間的敘述，下列何者錯誤？(A)不用考慮摩擦阻力（frictional resistance）的問題 (B)每個月打開閉合弧線約0.5～1mm
【評論內容】根據Contemporary Ortho☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ ...
【評論主題】59.關於牙周病之齒槽骨缺損（bone destruction pattern）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？(A)水平骨喪失（horizontal bone loss）指鄰牙之間齒槽間隔（interdent
【評論內容】Caranzza Ch24 p322Horizontal Bone Loss Horizontal bone loss is the most common pattern of bone loss in periodontal disease. The bone is reduced in height, but the bone margin remains approximately perpendicular to the tooth surface. The interdental septa and the facial and lingual plates are affected but not necessarily to an equal degree around the same tooth.
【評論主題】77.下列何者是帕比隆雷佛利症候群（Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome）病患的遺傳性障礙？(A)白血球細胞黏附（adhesion）功能缺損 (B)非特異性組織鹼性磷酸酶（tissue-
【評論內容】題幹 摘錄自Caranza Ch5 p69Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is one example of a condition that causes severe periodontitis as one of its manifestations. PLS is an autosomal-recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cathepsin C gene located on chromosome 11q14.7 The clinical manifestations of the syndrome include severe aggressive periodontitis and diffuse keratoderma on the palms,the soles,the knees,or all three
【評論主題】58.下列何種細菌不屬於Söcransky 1998的red complex species？(A)P. gingivalis (B)P. intermedia (C)T. forsythia (D)
【評論內容】
The red complex consists of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola.
【評論主題】19.下列何者是在進行邊緣成型（border molding）時，達成咽腭帆關閉（velopharyngeal sealing）最重要的運動？(A)吞嚥(B)頭部後仰(C)深呼吸(D)下顎左右來回動
【評論內容】根據《Prosthodontic Tre☆☆☆☆☆☆ ...