用戶高分過點評問題和點評內容

Treatment is provided for conditions such as acute coughs, diarrhoea, earache and simple eczema in children. It is designed to enable people with minor health conditions to access medicines and advice they would otherwise visit their doctor for.

Minor Ailment Scheme poster Belfast 2007

C.D 感覺都錯

ref : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_Ailment_Schem...

【評論主題】52.下列何者為gentamicin引起的腎毒性之危險因子？(A)Once daily dosing gentamicin(B)血中谷濃度低於1 mg/L(C)Congestive heart fai

【評論內容】脫水導致分布體積減少、減少清除率To study the effect of dehydration on gentamicin (G) kinetics, a group of rats was deprived of water for 4 days and then received a single i.v. dose of 3 mg/kg of G. Compared to control rats, the plasma and tissue concentration of G in dehydrated rats were increased and the elimination rate of the drug decreased. Higher G concentrations were found in plasma, spleen, renal cortex and medulla. These changes in G disposition consisted in a decrease of 33 and 22% of the apparentvolume of distribution of the peripheral and central compartments,respectively, and, furt...

【評論主題】37.下列何種肝炎較無引發肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma）的危險？(A)A 型(B)B 型(C)C 型(D)D 型

【評論內容】

6.下列何種疾病不會透過性行為傳染？(A)茲卡病毒感染症(B)阿米巴性痢疾(C)A型肝炎(D)屈公病.

編輯私有筆記及自訂標籤

【評論主題】37.下列何種肝炎較無引發肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma）的危險？(A)A 型(B)B 型(C)C 型(D)D 型

【評論內容】Ａ型肝炎與Ｅ型肝炎，典型的「病從口入」型 (Ａ型肝炎還是有可能透過血液傳染喔)Ａ、Ｅ型肝炎病毒只造成急性肝炎，不會演變成慢性肝炎Ｂ型肝炎、Ｃ型肝炎與Ｄ型肝炎→經由血液體液傳染的「你儂我儂」型Ｄ型肝炎病毒是一種「缺陷」的病毒，它本身雖然可以複製繁衍，但是卻需要有Ｂ型肝炎表面抗原的配合，才具有感染力(記:DB兒)有些肝炎並不是由病毒引起的，而是由其他因素直接造成肝臟發炎，稱為「非病毒性肝炎」。最常見的例如：酒精性肝炎、藥物性肝炎除了以上幾種常見的病毒性、非病毒性肝炎之外，還有幾種比較少見的肝炎，如：自體免疫性肝炎、代謝性肝炎（威爾森氏症）、膽汁滯留型肝炎、巨細胞病毒、皰疹病毒、黃熱病毒、EB病毒……等等病毒所引起的肝炎ref:https://www.liver.org.tw/knowledgeView.php?cat=1&sid=3

【評論主題】54.下列何種藥品使用過量而導致之中樞神經鎮靜及呼吸功能抑制等不良反應，無法以naloxone拮抗之？(A)Buprenorphine(B)Levorphanol(C)Methadone(D)Morp

【評論內容】

Suboxone®含 bupren☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ ★ ...

【評論主題】33.下列何種nitrate製劑之作用期（duration）最長？(A)Erythritol tetranitrate(B)Oral isosorbide dinitrate(C)Isosorbide

【評論內容】想問為何ISMN是ISDN的活代，半衰期卻比較長? 是因為口服生體可用率較高的關係嗎(first pass少)?

【評論主題】63.王老先生因退化性關節炎長期使用acetaminophen，3年前曾接受心導管支架置入手術；最近膝蓋疼痛加劇。下列口服藥，何者最適合用於緩解其膝蓋疼痛？(A)naproxen(B)piroxica

【評論內容】3年前曾接受心導管支架置入手術←患有冠心...

【評論主題】65.有關癌症免疫療法之敘述，下列何者正確？(A)ipilimumab與cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4（CTLA-4）結合，降低T細胞的功能(B)nivolumab與

【評論內容】PD-1抑制劑（PD→2個字→NP專科護★★）：...

【評論主題】【題組】71 王太太因已出現體重無法增加且持續性心跳加速之現象，若無適當之治療，恐引起流產或早產現象。因此，下列藥物中，何者為最佳治療選擇？(A) Radioactive iodide (B) Pro

【評論內容】

1F

Lugol’s solution用於Grave's disease

干擾proteolysis，抑制T3/T4釋放

含 5% Iodine & 10% KI

【評論主題】王先生 50 歲，長期服用 methimazole，因至國外旅行而中斷該藥物，返國後出現意識不清、噁心、嘔吐現象，由家人送至急診，經醫師診斷為甲狀腺風暴（thyroid storm）。【題組】58 下

【評論內容】

正常TSH值的範圍在0.5~5.0 mU/L；free T4在0.8~1.8 ng/dL之間

【評論主題】70 黃小姐為急性骨髓性白血病（acute myelogenous leukemia）之病患，尿酸值28 mg/dL，肌酸酐值2.6 mg/dL，診斷有腫瘤分解症狀（tumor lysis syndr

【評論內容】The management of tumor lysis syndrome, other than hydration and alkalinization, necessitates the administration of drugs to correct metabolic disturbances. Use of these medications should be instituted before the start of chemotherapy; the goal is to achieve optimal metabolic stability. Medications can be adjusted after the start of chemotherapy in response to the level of tumor lysis and/or metabolic disturbances.Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, reduces the conversion of nucleic acid byproducts to uric acid, in this way preventing urate nephropathy and subsequent oliguric renal fai...

【評論主題】18 下列何疾病適合用減敏療法（immunotherapy）？(A)氣喘 (B)過敏性鼻炎(C)慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (D)所有 IgE 升高的過敏反應

【評論內容】通常就是對藥物沒效才會用減敏療法

【評論主題】17 關於氣喘和過敏性鼻炎之治療，下列敘述何者正確？(A) Topical corticosteroids 可使用於氣喘，不可使用於過敏性鼻炎(B) Topical cromolyn 可用於兩者(C)

【評論內容】Montelukast可用但效果不佳不是合當一線

【評論主題】11 Hydroxychloroquine 較適用於下列何種類風濕性關節炎的患者？(A)診斷確定且症狀較輕微者 (B)診斷確定且症狀較嚴重者(C)經 NSAIDs 治療無效者 (D)對 NSAIDs

【評論內容】

RA首選

輕度：hydrox...

【評論主題】49.下列何者屬於acetic acids類藥品？(A)Diclofenac(B)Ibuprofen(C)Meclofenamate(D)Naproxen

【評論內容】

樓上藥化100分!

【評論主題】75.對長期服用warfarin之血栓病人進行療效監測，若測得之INR值為1.5時，下列何者為較適當的處置？(A)劑量加倍(B)劑量減半(C)先暫停服用一次後，再繼續維持原劑量治療(D)劑量增加5%~

【評論內容】

24.病人使用warfarin，當INR值大於多少時，建議開始投與vitamin K？ (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6

【評論主題】5.有關眼用洗劑（eye lotions）之敘述，下列何者正確？(A)其包裝容量不可大於500 mL(B)應含有適當之保存劑以利貯存(C)採用多劑量（multiple-dose）容器包裝便於使用(D)

【評論內容】

用於透析溶液最多為 5 L

用於 TPN 溶液最多為 3 L

【評論主題】70.陳太太有十多年糖尿病史，需以胰島素控制血糖，有發燒、血壓下降、白血球增多，診斷為急性腎盂腎炎，須接受抗生素治療，下列何種藥品不適用於陳太太的感染？(A)Ampicillin(B)Ceftriax

【評論內容】AmpicillinAmpicillin is a semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.For treatment of infection (Respiratory, GI, UTI and meningitis) due to E. coli, P. mirabilis, enterococci, Shigella, S. typhosa and other Salmonella, nonpenicillinase-producing N. gononhoeae, H. influenzae, staphylococci, streptococci including streptoc.Ampicillin也是有抗G(-)，Ampicillin本來就是IV

Pyelonephritis, Acute, UncomplicatedPATHOGENS

Like uncomplicated cystitis, the vast majority of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (AUP) is caused by E. coli (75-95%).

Additi...

【評論主題】2.李小姐18歲，有氣喘病史，因發燒、咳痰、右邊胸腔有悶痛感而住院，給予ceftriaxone與azithromycin治療，其中ceftriaxone療程預計10天。下列何者不是考慮轉換為口服抗生素

【評論內容】

Short intravenous course of therapy for 2–3 days followed by oral medications to complete the course of therapy is beneficial to many patients except in conditions of serious/life-threatening infections, in critically ill patients, or in the presence of contraindications to oral administration as in case of nothing per os (NPO) or comatose patients. Selected oral medication produces serum levels comparable to those achieved through IV form with equivalent clinical outcomes as reduction in the length of hospital stay (LOS) and the duration of IV therapy, along with fewer complications, less pa...

【評論主題】19.對於心肌梗塞後的病人，下列何種藥品長期服用並無法預防中風、或心肌梗塞復發？(A)β-blocker(B)ACE inhibitor(C)Nitrate(D)Aspirin

【評論內容】

Nitrate並非都是急性治療

像是ISMN就可以每天吃

Nitrate適應症是預防心絞痛

https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1992.tb04141.x

【評論主題】40.李太太最後一次產前檢查之B型肝炎表面抗原呈現陰性HBsAg(-)，表面抗體為陽性anti-HBs(+)，現在即將生產，嬰孩應該：(A)在出生後12小時內注射第一劑B型肝炎疫苗(B)在出生後2個月

【評論內容】

答案應該修改為A

(A)在出生後12小時內注射第一劑B型肝炎疫苗

【評論主題】5.林小姐18歲，有氣喘病史，因發燒、咳痰、右邊胸腔有悶痛感而住院，將於下午五點給與ceftriaxone與azithromycin治療，則下列敘述何者正確？(A)病人可能是罹患醫院型肺炎（hospi

【評論內容】

幫4樓排版

Azithromycin:Community-acquired pneumonia:

Oral: Immediate-release: 500 mg orally as a single dose on the first day followed by 250 mg orally once a day on days 2 through 5 for mild infections

Extended-release suspension: 2 g orally as a single dose for mild to moderate infections

IV: 500 mg IV once a day for at least 2 days followed by 500 mg (immediate-release formulation) orally once a day to complete a 7- to 10-day course of therapy

【評論主題】74.有關phenytoin之敘述，下列何者錯誤？(A)albumin的濃度降低，會導致total phenytoin的血中濃度上升(B)phenytoin為弱酸性藥品，主要的結合蛋白為albumin

【評論內容】(A)albumin的濃度降低，會導致t☆☆☆☆ ...

【評論主題】11.王女士50公斤，使用0.05 g/min的norepinephrine升壓，與建議劑量0.05～0.5 μg/kg/min相比，是否適當？(A)劑量適當(B)劑量過高(C)劑量過低(D)無法判斷

【評論內容】0.05～0.5 μg/kg/min × 50 ☆☆ = 2.5 ...

【評論主題】75.對長期服用warfarin之血栓病人進行療效監測，若測得之INR值為1.5時，下列何者為較適當的處置？(A)劑量加倍(B)劑量減半(C)先暫停服用一次後，再繼續維持原劑量治療(D)劑量增加5%~

【評論內容】

24.病人使用warfarin，當INR值大於多少時，建議開始投與vitamin K？ (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6

【評論主題】74.有關phenytoin之敘述，下列何者錯誤？(A)albumin的濃度降低，會導致total phenytoin的血中濃度上升(B)phenytoin為弱酸性藥品，主要的結合蛋白為albumin

【評論內容】(A)albumin的濃度降低，會導致t☆☆☆☆ ...

【評論主題】39.有關drug eruptions之敘述，下列何者正確？(A)僅與病毒感染相關(B)acneiform eruption 僅發生於臉部(C)常見引起Stevens-Johnson syndrome

【評論內容】(A)In children, Stev☆☆☆-...

【評論主題】11.王女士50公斤，使用0.05 g/min的norepinephrine升壓，與建議劑量0.05～0.5 μg/kg/min相比，是否適當？(A)劑量適當(B)劑量過高(C)劑量過低(D)無法判斷

【評論內容】0.05～0.5 μg/kg/min × 50 ☆☆ = 2.5 ...

【評論主題】75.對長期服用warfarin之血栓病人進行療效監測，若測得之INR值為1.5時，下列何者為較適當的處置？(A)劑量加倍(B)劑量減半(C)先暫停服用一次後，再繼續維持原劑量治療(D)劑量增加5%~

【評論內容】

24.病人使用warfarin，當INR值大於多少時，建議開始投與vitamin K？ (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6

【評論主題】75.對長期服用warfarin之血栓病人進行療效監測，若測得之INR值為1.5時，下列何者為較適當的處置？(A)劑量加倍(B)劑量減半(C)先暫停服用一次後，再繼續維持原劑量治療(D)劑量增加5%~

【評論內容】

24.病人使用warfarin，當INR值大於多少時，建議開始投與vitamin K？ (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6

【評論主題】5.有關眼用洗劑（eye lotions）之敘述，下列何者正確？(A)其包裝容量不可大於500 mL(B)應含有適當之保存劑以利貯存(C)採用多劑量（multiple-dose）容器包裝便於使用(D)

【評論內容】

用於透析溶液最多為 5 L

用於 TPN 溶液最多為 3 L

【評論主題】70.陳太太有十多年糖尿病史，需以胰島素控制血糖，有發燒、血壓下降、白血球增多，診斷為急性腎盂腎炎，須接受抗生素治療，下列何種藥品不適用於陳太太的感染？(A)Ampicillin(B)Ceftriax

【評論內容】AmpicillinAmpicillin is a semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.For treatment of infection (Respiratory, GI, UTI and meningitis) due to E. coli, P. mirabilis, enterococci, Shigella, S. typhosa and other Salmonella, nonpenicillinase-producing N. gononhoeae, H. influenzae, staphylococci, streptococci including streptoc.Ampicillin也是有抗G(-)，Ampicillin本來就是IV

Pyelonephritis, Acute, UncomplicatedPATHOGENS

Like uncomplicated cystitis, the vast majority of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (AUP) is caused by E. coli (75-95%).

Additi...

【評論主題】49.下列何者屬於acetic acids類藥品？(A)Diclofenac(B)Ibuprofen(C)Meclofenamate(D)Naproxen

【評論內容】

樓上藥化100分!

【評論主題】40.李太太最後一次產前檢查之B型肝炎表面抗原呈現陰性HBsAg(-)，表面抗體為陽性anti-HBs(+)，現在即將生產，嬰孩應該：(A)在出生後12小時內注射第一劑B型肝炎疫苗(B)在出生後2個月

【評論內容】

答案應該修改為A

(A)在出生後12小時內注射第一劑B型肝炎疫苗

【評論主題】19.對於心肌梗塞後的病人，下列何種藥品長期服用並無法預防中風、或心肌梗塞復發？(A)β-blocker(B)ACE inhibitor(C)Nitrate(D)Aspirin

【評論內容】

Nitrate並非都是急性治療

像是ISMN就可以每天吃

Nitrate適應症是預防心絞痛

https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1992.tb04141.x

【評論主題】2.李小姐18歲，有氣喘病史，因發燒、咳痰、右邊胸腔有悶痛感而住院，給予ceftriaxone與azithromycin治療，其中ceftriaxone療程預計10天。下列何者不是考慮轉換為口服抗生素

【評論內容】

Short intravenous course of therapy for 2–3 days followed by oral medications to complete the course of therapy is beneficial to many patients except in conditions of serious/life-threatening infections, in critically ill patients, or in the presence of contraindications to oral administration as in case of nothing per os (NPO) or comatose patients. Selected oral medication produces serum levels comparable to those achieved through IV form with equivalent clinical outcomes as reduction in the length of hospital stay (LOS) and the duration of IV therapy, along with fewer complications, less pa...

【評論主題】5.林小姐18歲，有氣喘病史，因發燒、咳痰、右邊胸腔有悶痛感而住院，將於下午五點給與ceftriaxone與azithromycin治療，則下列敘述何者正確？(A)病人可能是罹患醫院型肺炎（hospi

【評論內容】

幫4樓排版

Azithromycin:Community-acquired pneumonia:

Oral: Immediate-release: 500 mg orally as a single dose on the first day followed by 250 mg orally once a day on days 2 through 5 for mild infections

Extended-release suspension: 2 g orally as a single dose for mild to moderate infections

IV: 500 mg IV once a day for at least 2 days followed by 500 mg (immediate-release formulation) orally once a day to complete a 7- to 10-day course of therapy

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