問題詳情

Questions 181~185 refer to the following Book Excerpt and email. 
Book Excerpt: "The Art of Thinking Clearly" by Rolf Dobelli 
 Introduction 
 The human mind is capable of incredible feats, yet it has surprising limitations. We often fall into thinking traps that lead us to make poor decisions, based on flawed assumptions or incomplete information. These traps are so common that they have names: confirmation bias, hindsight bias, the sunk cost fallacy, and many others. In this book, I will explore these thinking traps and offer strategies for avoiding them. 
 Chapter 1: The Anchoring Effect 
Our minds are wired to use anchors - starting points - when making decisions. Once an anchor is set, we tend to adjust our thinking around it, even if it is arbitrary or irrelevant. For example, when negotiating a salary, the first number mentioned tends to become the anchor, even if it is not a reasonable figure. 
 Chapter 2: The Sunk Cost Fallacy 
 We often make the mistake of continuing to invest in a failing project, simply because we have already invested so much time, money, or effort. This is known as the sunk cost fallacy. We need to recognize when a project is unlikely to succeed and cut our losses, rather than throwing good money after bad. 
 Chapter 3: Confirmation Bias 
 We tend to seek out information that confirms our existing beliefs, and discount or ignore information that contradicts them. This is known as confirmation bias. To avoid this thinking trap, we need to actively seek out dissenting opinions and consider them with an open mind. 
 Chapter 4: The Halo Effect 
We often form an overall impression of a person or thing based on a single positive attribute, such as attractiveness or success. This is known as the halo effect. To avoid this thinking trap, we need to break down our judgments into smaller components and evaluate each one separately. 
 Chapter 5: Overconfidence 
We are often overly confident in our own abilities and judgments, leading us to take risks or make decisions that are not backed up by evidence. To avoid overconfidence, we need to seek out diverse perspectives and be willing to admit when we don't know something. 
 Conclusion
 The thinking traps explored in this book are just a few examples of the ways in which our minds can lead us astray. By recognizing these traps and using strategies to avoid them, we can make better decisions and lead more successful lives. 
 Subject: Invitation to Speak at our Virtual Training Course on "The Art of Thinking Clearly" 
 Dear Mr. Rolf Dobelli, 
 My name is Sarah Johnson and I am the HR Manager at GCSE Company, a leading sports equipment manufacturer. I recently came across your book, "The Art of Thinking Clearly", and was impressed by your insights on decision-making and critical thinking.
 As we strive to improve the skills and knowledge of our employees, we would like to invite you to be a guest speaker at our upcoming virtual training course. We believe that your expertise would be invaluable in helping our employees develop their critical thinking skills, and make better decisions in their work and personal lives. 
 The virtual training course is scheduled for September 1 at 9:00 A.M.. We expect twenty to thirty employees to participate, ranging from entry-level positions to senior management. During your session, we would like you to cover the following topics: 
 The most common thinking traps that we fall into Strategies for avoiding these traps and making better decisions Real-world examples of how critical thinking can lead to success in business and life We understand that your time is valuable, and we would be happy to compensate you for your participation in the training course. Additionally, we will provide you with a detailed agenda for the event, as well as any necessary technical support to ensure a smooth and successful presentation.
 We believe that your expertise and insights would be a valuable addition to our training course, and we would be honored if you would accept our invitation. Please let us know if you have any questions or concerns, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.
 Best regards, 
 Sarah JohnsonHR Manager, GCSE Company
【題組】181.According to the book excerpt, what is the author's main argument in "The Art ofThinking Clearly"?
(A)The human mind has incredible capabilities.
(B)Our minds are limited and prone to thinking traps.
(C)Thinking traps are not common in human thinking.
(D) The sunk cost fallacy is the most common thinking trap.

參考答案

答案:B
難度:適中0.481
書單:沒有書單,新增