【評論主題】24.下列關於腦垂腺前葉的功能測試之敘述,何者正確?(A)可以直接測定血中抗利尿激素(antidiuretic hormone,ADH)濃度來評估(B)德國狼犬(German Shepherd)易有腦

【評論內容】

生長激素(growth hormone,GH)刺激試驗時,其血液樣本經EDTA抗凝遠心分離後,存入-20度以下

【評論主題】38.下列袪痰劑可直接分解痰黏液的是:(A)acetylcysteine(B)ammonium chloride(C)potassium iodide(D)guaiacol

【評論內容】

potassium iodide 為刺激胃黏膜而經由迷走神經以增加小支氣管的分泌

【評論主題】8.關於ketamine的敘述,下列何者錯誤?(A)在臺灣是第三級管制藥品(B)是NMDA受體的強效非競爭性拮抗劑(C)馬和犬單獨投予ketamine可引起癲癇的發作(D)xylazine-ketam

【評論內容】為了避免癲癇發作 及提供肌肉鬆弛,犬貓經常合併投與Ketamine及Diazepam、Midazolam、Xylazine

【評論主題】71.下列何者可用於驅除牛肺蟲?(A)amprolium(B)bunamidine(C)robenidine(D)levamisole

【評論內容】bunamidine 為抗絛蟲、吸蟲藥

【評論主題】35.下列有關家禽傳染性支氣管炎病毒特性的敘述,何者正確?(A)為單股DNA病毒(B)其棘突醣蛋白S1和誘發抗體有關(C)單一血清型(D)病毒呈多形性,大小約35-40 nm

【評論內容】

 The virion shape is spherical, with an average size of 125 nm

https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Coronavirus

【評論主題】1.當藥物之hepatic extraction ratio接近於1時,其主要意義為何?(A)藥物吸收後快速的分布至組織(B)藥物經口投予後顯著的首渡效應(C)藥物緊密結合於血漿蛋白(D)藥物之清除不

【評論內容】

雖然是英文 但是很好懂哦!

讀一下

An extraction ration close to 0 indicates that most of the drug escapes elimination during a single pass through the organ.

An extraction ratio close to 1 indicates that most of the drug is eliminated during a single pass through the organ.

【評論主題】60.下列有關犬、貓黴菌性皮膚病之敘述,何者錯誤?(A)貓之皮黴菌性皮膚病,超過90%以上皆由Microsporum gypseum所引起(B)長毛貓比短毛貓易得皮黴菌性皮膚病(C)感染皮黴菌之犬、貓

【評論內容】

Microsporum canis is a pathogenic, asexual fungus in the phylum Ascomycota that infects the upper, dead layers of skin on domesticated cats, and occasionally dogs and humans

<WIKI

【評論主題】2.使用草酸鹽抗凝管可能會使何項檢驗呈現假高值?(A)鎂(B)ALP(C)膽固醇(D)鐵

【評論內容】

BUN、膽固醇假高

**記住 所有抗凝劑均會使鈣及鎂離子 假低值

【評論主題】3.下列那一種人畜共通病毒同時擁有動物與昆蟲為其自然保毒宿主?(A)家禽流行性感冒(avian influenza)病毒(B)狂犬病(rabies)病毒(C)拉克羅斯腦炎(La Crosse ence

【評論內容】

LAC virus is a zoonotic pathogen cycled between the daytime-biting treehole mosquito, Aedes triseriatus, and vertebrate amplifier hosts (chipmunks花栗鼠, tree squirrels松鼠) in deciduous forest habitats. 

<WIKI

【評論主題】15.下列何藥物除了有安神鎮靜之作用,尚具有止癢、止咳及抗過敏之作用?(A)trimeprazine(B)chlorpromazine(C)promazine(D)acepromazine

【評論內容】

Trimeprazine is a phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.

Trimeprazine is an antihistamine used to reduce itching from allergies, hives, eczema,

【評論主題】78.下列有關魚類住血寄生蟲之敘述,何者正確?(A)錐蟲會直接由接觸傳染,不需吸血昆蟲媒介(B)錐蟲會釋出溶血素導致貧血(C)可採用praziquantel口服治療(D)Trypanosoma有兩條鞭

【評論內容】

Trypanosoma 從動核後面長出一根鞭毛,沿著身體表面向體前伸出叫前鞭毛

Trypanoplasma   一根前鞭毛和一根後鞭毛

【評論主題】54.下列那種感染犬的原蟲可在嗜中性球中發現?(A)Babesia (B)Leishmania (C)Hepatozoon (D)Trypanosoma

【評論內容】

B 巨噬細胞

D血球細胞外(也就是血漿)

【評論主題】69.能抑制昆蟲幼蟲及卵之幾丁質生成的藥物是:(A)amitraz (B)fipronil (C)cyromazine (D)lufenuron

【評論內容】

fipronil 為抑制GABA的氯離子通道,造成神經元去極化

【評論主題】50.下列有關肝臟星形細胞(stellate cell)的敘述那些正確?①是一種脂肪細胞(lipocyte)②又稱為 Ito cell③其存在於 space ofDisse④功能為儲存維他命A 及分泌

【評論內容】

sinusoid內含Kupffer cell,而space of disse內含Stellate cell

from: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i42/WJG-20-15499-g001.htm

【評論主題】74.下列那一種投藥方式為 disophenol 最常用於犬隻之臨床使用方法?(A)肌肉注射 (B)靜脈注射 (C)經口投予 (D)皮下注射

【評論內容】

an injectable anthelmintic for hookworms in cats and dogs and Haemonchus contortus in sheep

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/disophenol

【評論主題】39. 有關混合型免疫缺乏症(combined immunodeficiency)的敘述,下列何者錯誤?(A) 以人及犬發生較多(B) T 及 B 細胞產生均受到影響(C) 罹患動物容易有貧血(D)

【評論內容】

1.Severe combined immunodeficiency occurs in dogs and Arabian horses 

2.mutation in DNA-PKcs 

3. Affected dogs have normal numbers of circulating B lymphocytes that are unable to class switch to IgG or IgA and reduced numbers of T lymphocytes, which are nonfunctional due to the inability to express IL receptors

4. Affected puppies are remarkably susceptible to bacterial and viral infections and rarely survive past 3 to 4 months of age. 

【評論主題】39.Mycoplasma alkalescens在牛最主要造成下列何種病徵?(A)關節炎、乳房炎(B)結膜炎(C)肋膜炎(D)腹膜炎

【評論內容】

M. putrefaciens 牛乳房炎

M. bovoculi 牛角膜結膜炎

M. pulmonis 鼠血管炎

【評論主題】6.傳染性胃腸炎病毒與下列何種病原有共同抗原性?(A)豬呼吸道型冠狀病毒(B)血球凝集腦脊髓炎病毒(C)SARS病毒(D)豬流行性下痢病毒

【評論內容】

第一型包括人類冠狀病毒229E(HCoV-229E)、豬傳染性腸胃炎病毒(TGEV)、豬呼吸道冠狀病毒(PRCoV)、貓腸炎型冠狀病毒(FECoV)、貓傳染性腹膜炎病毒(FIPV)、犬冠狀病毒(CCoV)及兔冠狀病毒(RbCoV)等;

第二型有鼠肝炎病毒(MHV)、人類冠狀病毒OC43(HCoV-OC43)、大鼠唾液腺淚腺炎病毒(SDAV)、牛冠狀病毒(BCoV)、豬凝集性腦脊髓炎病毒(HEV)等;

第三型為感染禽類的家禽傳染性支氣管炎病毒(IBV)及火雞冠狀病毒(TCoV)

https://www.coa.gov.tw/ws.php?id=5092

【評論主題】46.下列有關肺氣腫(emphysema)之敘述,何者正確?(A)原發性肺氣腫通常是支氣管肺炎所造成的(B)牛因肺臟排氣作用較差,常發生肺泡性氣腫(C)馬氣喘病(heaves)是因為肺水腫才造成肺氣腫

【評論內容】

Primary emphysema does not occur in animals, and thus no animal disease should be called simply emphysema

 In animals, this lesion is always secondary to obstruction of outflow of air or is agonal at slaughter.

Interstitial emphysema occurs mainly in cattle, presumably because of their wide interlobular septa, and lack of collateral ventilation in these species does not permit air to move freely into adjacent pulmonary lobules. As a result, accumulated air penetrates the alveolar and bronchiolar walls and forces its way into the interlobular connective tissue, causing notable distention of the ...

【評論主題】64.關於家畜屠宰場設施與設備之規定,下列敘述何者錯誤?(A)屠後檢查站之長度以每名檢查員為100公分以上(B)屠體與內臟之表面照明光度應達至少500米燭光以上(C)檢查站內應設150公分見方不失真鏡

【評論內容】

第 6 條屠宰場屠後檢查設備應符合下列規定:一、應於屠宰室之適當地點,設置屠後檢查站,其長度以每名檢查人員一五○公分以上,其寬度及高度以足供檢查人員順利執行工作為度。

【評論主題】47.下列那一種毒素是甘藷為了抵抗黴菌的侵害所產生的,可造成牛肺水腫?(A)Deoxynivalenol(B)Ipomeamarone(C)T-2 toxin(D)F-2 toxin

【評論內容】

時常被黴菌毒素搞得團團轉:

Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi, such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus. The umbrella term aflatoxin refers to four different types of mycotoxins produced, which are B1, B2, G1, and G2. Aflatoxin B1, the most toxic, is a potent carcinogen and has been directly correlated to adverse health effects, such as liver cancer, in many animal species. 

Ochratoxin赭麴毒素 is a mycotoxin that comes in three secondary metabolite forms, A, B, and C. All are produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus species. The three forms di...

【評論主題】25.下列何者是屬於IB類的抗心律不整藥?(A)mexiletine(B)procainamide(C)propafenone(D)flecainide

【評論內容】

propafenone及flecainide 應該是IC類 不是第三類

【評論主題】21.下列那一種禽類細菌性病原不會藉蛋傳播?(A)Salmonella enterica(B)Avibacterium paragallinarum(C)Mycoplasma gallisepticu

【評論內容】

可藉蛋: Sal、MG、E. coli、AE、Reo、LL、EDS76、AI、ND、CIA

不可: IC、禽霍亂、IBD、Galli. anatis、ILT、Pox、鴨瘟

【評論主題】35.下列對腸道出血性大腸桿菌感染症之敘述何者錯誤:(A)本病病因為Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli(EHEC)又稱Verotoxigenic E.coli(VTEC)(B)主要的

【評論內容】

E. coli O157:H7 differs from most other strains of E. coli in being unable to ferment sorbitol.

【評論主題】48.下列何者不是牛疱疹病毒二型感染症之症狀類型?(A)乳頭炎型(B)口唇炎型(C)全身性皮膚型(D)鼻氣管型

【評論內容】

D選項為牛第一型疱疹病毒- 牛傳染性鼻氣管炎

【評論主題】32.雛鴨發生大量死亡,外觀呈後弓反張,剖檢時出現肝腫大,呈黃色煮熟樣或花斑狀,表面有出血點或出血斑,請問最可能感染下列何種疾病?(A)鴨病毒性腸炎(B)鴨病毒性肝炎(C)鴨B型肝炎(D)家禽霍亂

【評論內容】

應該是鴨病毒性肝炎分為三型

第一型: Picornaviridae/Avihepatovirus/Duck hepatitis A virus

第二型: Astroviridae/Duck astrovirus-1

第三型:  Astroviridae/Duck astrovirus-2

【評論主題】54.類澱粉物質經剛果紅染色後,在偏光顯微鏡下會呈現何種顏色?(A)紅棕色(B)橘黃色(C)深藍色(D)蘋果綠

【評論內容】

 Congo red stains amyloid orange to red under light microscopy, which is seen under polarized light as an apple-green birefringent material.

【評論主題】55.下列有關penicillin類抗生素抗菌作用之敘述,何者錯誤?(A)干擾細菌之transpeptidase(B)對正在分裂繁殖的細菌無效(C)破壞細胞壁之形成(D)是殺菌性藥物

【評論內容】

課外補充: penicillin及Cepha類皆為抑制細菌細胞壁合成的第三階段

V.S. Vancomycin及Bacitracin抑制第二階段

【評論主題】42.下列何者為第二代H1-抗組織胺,較少引起鎮靜作用?(A)fexofenadine(B)diphenhydramine(C)pyrilamine(D)hydroxyzine

【評論內容】

第二代: Fexofenadine、Loratadine、Cetirizine

【評論主題】39. 有關混合型免疫缺乏症(combined immunodeficiency)的敘述,下列何者錯誤?(A) 以人及犬發生較多(B) T 及 B 細胞產生均受到影響(C) 罹患動物容易有貧血(D)

【評論內容】

1.Severe combined immunodeficiency occurs in dogs and Arabian horses 

2.mutation in DNA-PKcs 

3. Affected dogs have normal numbers of circulating B lymphocytes that are unable to class switch to IgG or IgA and reduced numbers of T lymphocytes, which are nonfunctional due to the inability to express IL receptors

4. Affected puppies are remarkably susceptible to bacterial and viral infections and rarely survive past 3 to 4 months of age. 

【評論主題】39.Mycoplasma alkalescens在牛最主要造成下列何種病徵?(A)關節炎、乳房炎(B)結膜炎(C)肋膜炎(D)腹膜炎

【評論內容】

M. putrefaciens 牛乳房炎

M. bovoculi 牛角膜結膜炎

M. pulmonis 鼠血管炎

【評論主題】6.傳染性胃腸炎病毒與下列何種病原有共同抗原性?(A)豬呼吸道型冠狀病毒(B)血球凝集腦脊髓炎病毒(C)SARS病毒(D)豬流行性下痢病毒

【評論內容】

第一型包括人類冠狀病毒229E(HCoV-229E)、豬傳染性腸胃炎病毒(TGEV)、豬呼吸道冠狀病毒(PRCoV)、貓腸炎型冠狀病毒(FECoV)、貓傳染性腹膜炎病毒(FIPV)、犬冠狀病毒(CCoV)及兔冠狀病毒(RbCoV)等;

第二型有鼠肝炎病毒(MHV)、人類冠狀病毒OC43(HCoV-OC43)、大鼠唾液腺淚腺炎病毒(SDAV)、牛冠狀病毒(BCoV)、豬凝集性腦脊髓炎病毒(HEV)等;

第三型為感染禽類的家禽傳染性支氣管炎病毒(IBV)及火雞冠狀病毒(TCoV)

https://www.coa.gov.tw/ws.php?id=5092

【評論主題】46.下列有關肺氣腫(emphysema)之敘述,何者正確?(A)原發性肺氣腫通常是支氣管肺炎所造成的(B)牛因肺臟排氣作用較差,常發生肺泡性氣腫(C)馬氣喘病(heaves)是因為肺水腫才造成肺氣腫

【評論內容】

Primary emphysema does not occur in animals, and thus no animal disease should be called simply emphysema

 In animals, this lesion is always secondary to obstruction of outflow of air or is agonal at slaughter.

Interstitial emphysema occurs mainly in cattle, presumably because of their wide interlobular septa, and lack of collateral ventilation in these species does not permit air to move freely into adjacent pulmonary lobules. As a result, accumulated air penetrates the alveolar and bronchiolar walls and forces its way into the interlobular connective tissue, causing notable distention of the ...

【評論主題】64.關於家畜屠宰場設施與設備之規定,下列敘述何者錯誤?(A)屠後檢查站之長度以每名檢查員為100公分以上(B)屠體與內臟之表面照明光度應達至少500米燭光以上(C)檢查站內應設150公分見方不失真鏡

【評論內容】

第 6 條屠宰場屠後檢查設備應符合下列規定:一、應於屠宰室之適當地點,設置屠後檢查站,其長度以每名檢查人員一五○公分以上,其寬度及高度以足供檢查人員順利執行工作為度。

【評論主題】47.下列那一種毒素是甘藷為了抵抗黴菌的侵害所產生的,可造成牛肺水腫?(A)Deoxynivalenol(B)Ipomeamarone(C)T-2 toxin(D)F-2 toxin

【評論內容】

時常被黴菌毒素搞得團團轉:

Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi, such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus. The umbrella term aflatoxin refers to four different types of mycotoxins produced, which are B1, B2, G1, and G2. Aflatoxin B1, the most toxic, is a potent carcinogen and has been directly correlated to adverse health effects, such as liver cancer, in many animal species. 

Ochratoxin赭麴毒素 is a mycotoxin that comes in three secondary metabolite forms, A, B, and C. All are produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus species. The three forms di...

【評論主題】25.下列何者是屬於IB類的抗心律不整藥?(A)mexiletine(B)procainamide(C)propafenone(D)flecainide

【評論內容】

propafenone及flecainide 應該是IC類 不是第三類

【評論主題】21.下列那一種禽類細菌性病原不會藉蛋傳播?(A)Salmonella enterica(B)Avibacterium paragallinarum(C)Mycoplasma gallisepticu

【評論內容】

可藉蛋: Sal、MG、E. coli、AE、Reo、LL、EDS76、AI、ND、CIA

不可: IC、禽霍亂、IBD、Galli. anatis、ILT、Pox、鴨瘟

【評論主題】34.雛鴨罹患鴨瘟,其病毒主要侵犯下列何種系統?(A)神經(B)血管(C)淋巴(D)呼吸

【評論內容】

小鴨侵淋巴系統

大鴨侵血管