【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】王先生因腹腔感染格蘭氏陰性菌住院，醫師決定給與 gentamicin。【題組】75 考量王先生腎功能正常，且無其它疾病，則 gentamicin 最合適劑量與給藥頻次為：(A) 5 mg/kg, qd

【評論內容】

一天一次劑量的效果>傳統給法

gentamycin,tobramycin:5-7mg/kg iv qd

在年輕病患，傾向7mg/kg

在年老病患，傾向5mg/kg

ref:第五版:臨床使用抗生素手冊

【評論主題】21 下列那一藥物可建議與食物同時服用，以減少胃不舒服？(A) Thiamine (B) Acetaminophen (C) Valproic acid (D) Propranolol

【評論內容】

仿單是有建議與餐併服

但沒說是因為什麼原因

有效濃度建議:40-100mg/l

一開始可能有消化方面副作用，但通常不用停藥，幾天後會消失

【評論主題】17 下列那些藥品的使用須教育病患每次進食後刷牙、用牙線、按摩牙齦以保持口腔衛生，避免牙齦增生？① Cyclosporine ② Hydralazine ③ Nifedipine ④ Phenytoi

【評論內容】

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth, also known as gingival hyperplasia 

phenytoin 

Cyclosporine

calcium channel blocker agents, including nifedipine and amlodipine

Nifedipine appears to have an additive effect when used together with cyclosporine

phenobarbital-induced gingival overgrowth has been reported but is rare and needs further evaluation

【評論主題】【題組】67 有關王老先生血脂異常之處置，下列口服處方中，何者是首選？(A) Cholestyramine 4 g tid (B) Lovastatin 80 mg hs(C) Niacin ER 1

【評論內容】

Pravastatin is the statin of choice in patients on cyclosporine.

uptodate還特地把上述列成單獨一點!!

The risk is substantially increased for most statins extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (lovastatin, simvastatin and to a lesser extent atorvastatin) with concurrent therapy with drugs that interfere with CYP3A4 

Pravastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin, and pitavastatin are preferred when concurrent therapy with a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4 cannot be avoided.

【評論主題】57 下列有關氣喘病人藥物治療的衛教，何者錯誤？(A) 口服類固醇藥品可能引起心悸、血壓上升等副作用(B) 茶鹼類藥品治療區間狹窄，易與其他藥物發生交互作用(C) 應經常以尖峰呼氣流速計監測呼吸功能(

【評論內容】

類固醇

Cardiovascular: Bradycardia, cardiac arrest, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac enlargement, circulatory collapse, congestive heart failure, fat embolism, hypertension,

心跳會過慢!

【評論主題】31 下列那一種抗生素之靜脈注射劑不可與含鈣之溶液混合或併用？(A) Amikacin (B) Cefotaxime (C) Ceftriaxone (D) Penicillin G

【評論內容】

衛生署曾於 96 年 7 月與 9 月發布新聞，提醒醫療人員避免併用含 Ceftriaxonesodium 與含鈣藥品及營養品

因為抗生素之 ceftriaxone sodium（中/英文品名：芬靜脈注射劑/Rocephin）因為與鈣不具相容性，

若與鈣、含鈣溶液或含鈣產品併用，會產生 calcium-ceftriaxone 沈澱

特別容易沈澱在肺臟及腎臟引起嚴重不良反應，尤其是高膽紅素血症之新生兒（hyperbilirubinemia neonates）或早產兒

不可給予該抗生素。

【評論主題】29 下列那兩種藥品可用脊髓腔（intrathecal）注射給藥？① penicillin ② vancomycin ③ gentamicin④ ceftriaxone(A) ① ② (B) ① ③

【評論內容】

There are no antibiotics that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for intraventricular use. The greatest clinical experience has been with vancomycin and gentamicin;

Recommended dosages of antimicrobial agents administered by the intraventricular routeAmikacin ColistinDaptomycin GentamicinPolymyxin B Quinupristin/dalfopristinTobramycin Vancomycin

uptodate

【評論主題】24 在化學治療的過程中，當 Cisplatin 給藥後再投予 Paclitaxel 會造成下列何種影響？(A) 增加 paclitaxel 之清除率 (B) 增加 hypersensitivity

【評論內容】

micromedex交互作用

先cisplatin後paciltaxel 會使taxel清除率下降 profound骨髓抑制作用

先taxel後cisplatin可以降低骨髓抑制的作用

機轉不明

【評論主題】11 醫師處方指示「1 tsp qid po」，則給病人的標籤應如何寫最恰當？(A) 每天三次，每次口服一茶匙 (B) 每天四次，每次口服一湯匙(C) 每天四次，每次口服 15 西西 (D) 每天四次

【評論內容】

teaspoons=5ml (tsp)

tablespoon=15ml(tbsp)

【評論主題】44 下列心肌梗塞相關治療藥物及其禁忌症（contraindication）之配對中，何者錯誤？(A) Enalapril：血中鉀離子濃度低於 3.5 mEq/L (B) Nitroglycerin：

【評論內容】

血漿正常血鉀值則介於3.5至5.0 mEq/L之間

而acei會造成高血鉀

【評論主題】38 關於 bupropion 之使用，下列敘述何者正確？(A)為治療焦慮劑（anti-anxiety agent）(B) 150 mg 每天兩次，可作為戒菸（smoking cessation）之用

【評論內容】

Smoking Cessation

Zyban: 150 mg PO qDay for 3 days, THEN

Increase to 150 mg q12hr; should continue treatment for 7-12 weeks; if patient successfully quits after 7-12 weeks, consider ongoing maintenance therapy based on individual patient risk/benefit

Adverse Effects

>10%

Headache (25-34%)

Dry mouth (17-28%)

Nausea (1-18%)

Weight loss (15-20%)

Insomnia (11-20%)

Agitation (2-32%)

Dizziness (6-22%)

Pharyngitis (3-13%...

【評論主題】56 李太太，體重 50 公斤，服用不明中藥藥粉後出現無尿現象，並有四肢水腫，肌肝酸濃度升高至 8.6 mg/dL，決定給與利尿劑，下列何者為最適合的用法？(A) Furosemide 40 mg t

【評論內容】

IV/IM:

Initial dose: 20 to 40 mg IV (slowly over 1 to 2 minutes) or IM once; may repeat with the same dose or increase by 20 mg no sooner than 2 hours after the previous dose until the desired diuretic effect has been obtained.

Maintenance dose: Administer the dose that provided the desired diuretic effect once or twice a day.

【評論主題】19 60 歲李太太有高血壓、氣喘病史，且曾因 sulfa drug 造成嚴重皮疹。最近發現有狹隅性青光眼（angle closure glaucoma），則下列那一藥品會是最佳的選擇？(A) Bet

【評論內容】

timolol

Blocks both beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors, reduces intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor production or possibly outflow.

本來可以用但結構

【評論主題】1 藥師接到臨時調製處方，將 diazepam 錠劑磨碎並製成懸浮劑（suspension），diazepam 錠劑原包裝上的有效期限（expiration date）為 1 年，則此懸浮劑在冷藏（2

【評論內容】

USP

Water-containing formulation(prepared from ingredients in solid form)

The beyond-use date is not later than 14 days for liquid preparations when stored at cold temperatures between 2 and 8℃ (36 and 46℉).

【評論主題】68 三環抗憂鬱劑（TCAs）對下列那一項療效最差？(A)一般性焦慮症（generalized anxiety disorder） (B)強迫性異常（obsessive-compulsive diso

【評論內容】

social anxiety disorder

(SAD)

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

 monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

benzodiazepines.

generalized anxiety

disorder

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SSRI] 

serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor [SNRI]

替代:Imipramine 75 to 200 mg in divided doses

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) 

Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.

Venlafaxine: a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) antid...

【評論主題】30 下列有關 digoxin 進行藥物濃度監測（TDM）之敘述，何項錯誤？(A)其抽血取樣時間以給藥後 6 小時以內為宜(B)其體清除率與腎功能呈正比關係(C)對肥胖病人其劑量應依病人之理想體重估算

【評論內容】

hf:0.5-1.0ng/ml

af:1.0-2.0ng/ml

【評論主題】18 下列有關 benzalkonium chloride 併用 disodium edetate 的敘述，何者錯誤？(A) Disodium edetate 的濃度為 0.1 % w/v(B)會增加

【評論內容】

轉貼102年詳解

<眼用製劑>

調PH  citrate or phosphate buffer

調等張   borate  N/S 

[注射劑調等張 D5W  N/S]

水溶性抗氧化劑 

鹼性溶液：Sodium sulfite         警搜

中性溶液：Sodium bisulfite      鐘擺

酸性溶液：Sodium metasulfite 酸梅

使用:

① Edetate sodium 0.01% 及 ②Benzalkonium chloride 0.01% → 殺菌

① Edetate sodium 0.01%→螫合細菌生長所需之陽離子

【評論主題】53 下列有關 sucralfate 的敘述，何者錯誤？(A)含鋁的無機鹽 (B)可用於治療十二指腸潰瘍(C)不具全身性作用 (D)常見的副作用為便秘

【評論內容】

!補充! <<仿單>>

Sucralfate只有少量可經腸胃道吸收，由腸胃道吸收的Sucralfate是經由尿液排除。

僅管Sucralfate治癒胃和十二指腸潰瘍的作用機轉尚不清楚，但可證明其作用於局部而非全身。

臨床藥理研究發現，Sucralfate和潰瘍部位的蛋白滲出物形成一複合物吸附於潰瘍處，如此可證實Sucralfate的抗潰瘍作用是形成複合物選擇性地吸附於潰瘍的黏膜，並且能夠保護黏膜細胞、抗胃酸、胃蛋白酶和膽鹽之侵害。

Sucralfate只有少許的胃酸中和作用，故其抗潰瘍作用並非由於胃酸的中和。

適 應 症： 胃潰瘍、十二指腸潰瘍、食道潰瘍。

副 作 用： 長期使用有時會造成便秘，但胃腸不適、口乾、皮疹、發癢、眩暈、失眠較罕見。

警 語： 腎功能不良的病...

【評論主題】40 下列何者不是 theophylline 之副作用？(A) Supraventricular tachycardia (B) Gastric reflux(C) Hyperglycemia (D)

【評論內容】

Metabolic

Metabolic side effects have included hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, respiratory alkalosis, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia, especially in the situation of acute overdosage. The magnitude of these abnormalities have been correlated with theophylline concentrations. Hypercalcemia has been reported in a patient with hyperthyroid disease with theophylline at therapeutic concentrations.[Ref]

In one group of patients with theophylline concentrations greater than 20 mcg/mL, hyperglycemia was present in approximately 50%, hypokalemia in 15%, and hypomagnesemia in 20%. Hyponatremia and hypoph...

【評論主題】3 藥品製劑在下列調配過程中何者不會產生沈澱？(A) Potassium penicillin G 注射劑加入葡萄糖注射溶液(B) Phenytoin sodium 加入酸性注射溶液(C) Calci

【評論內容】phenytoin因pH值約12，不能與其他藥物混合。PH下降會使phenytoin結晶析出，不可使用。滴注完畢請以NS將IV line沖淨。calcium用Cal. gluconate來看的話與下列藥品不相容：Amphotericin B、Ceftriaxone、methylprednisolone、oxacillin sodium、NaHCO3、potassium ph.....看完整詳解

【評論主題】57 Naltrexone 用於opiates 勒戒的給藥方式為：(A)每週兩次 (B)每月兩次 (C)每天兩次 (D)每天一次即可

【評論內容】

Initial dose: 25 mg orally one time.Maintenance dose: If no withdrawal signs occur, 50 mg orally once a day may be started.Alternative dose schedules: (to improve compliance) 50 mg orally on week days and 100 mg orally on Saturday; or 100 mg orally every other day; or 150 mg orally every third day.

ref:drugs.com

PO: 25 mg initially, then observation for 1 hr, then 50 mg once daily starting on day 2; flexible dosing regimens can be employed to accommodate patient convenience or ensure complianceIM: 380 mg in gluteal muscle every 4 weeks for maintenance of abstinenceref:medscap...

【評論主題】22 一般對心衰竭（heart failure）患者而言，carvedilol 的每日最高劑量（target dose）為50 mg，至於其起始劑量（initial dose）則該如何建議？(A) 3

【評論內容】Usual Adult Dose for Congestive Heart Failure

Immediate-release tablets:

-Initial dose: 3.125 mg orally twice a day for 2 weeks

-Titration: If tolerated, increase dosage to 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg orally twice a day over successive intervals of at least 2 weeks

-Maximum dose: 25 mg orally twice a day in patients weighing 85 kg or less and 50 mg orally twice a day in patients weighing 85 kg or greater

Extended-release capsules:

-Initial dose: 10 mg orally once a day for 2 weeks

-Titration: If tolerated, increase dosage to 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg orally once a day over successive intervals of at least 2 ...

【評論主題】16 下列過敏性鼻炎之治療藥品中，何者尚未有經鼻腔（nasal）投予之劑型？(A) antihistamines (B) corticosteroids (C) mast cell stabilize

【評論內容】

回憶一下

Leukotriene modifiers 目前只有口服include two types of agents:

Leukotriene-receptor antagonists, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, prevent leukotrienes from binding to their receptors

Leukotriene synthesis inhibitors, such as zileuton, block the enzyme, 5-lipoxygenase, which is necessary for the formation of leukotrienes.

singulair/ACCOLATE 都口服Mast cell stabilizers  有吸入劑The mast cell stabilizers cromolyn and nedocromil work by blocking a calcium channel that is essential for mast cell degranulation (the release of chemical mediator-containing secretory granules which occurs aft...

【評論主題】12 下列抗黴菌藥物中，何者以間歇療法（pulse therapy），即每一療程先服藥一星期後停藥三星期治療灰指甲（甲癬）為較佳的治療方式？(A) itraconazole (B) griseoful

【評論內容】

itraconazole

Onychomycosis in Non-immunocompromised PatientsFingernails: 2 treatment pulses, each consisting of 200 mg q12hr for 1 weekToenails, with or without fingernail involvement: 200 mg/day PO for 12 weeks

ketoconazole

Avoid prescribing tablets to treat skin and nail fungal infections owing to risk of serious liver damage, adrenal gland problems, and harmful interactions with other medicines that outweigh its benefit in treating these conditions, which are not approved uses of the drug (these indications were removed from labeling by the FDA in 2013)

terbinafine

Onychomycosis

Indicated for ony...

【評論主題】53 下列有關 fluvoxamine 之敘述，何者正確？(A)屬於 MAO inhibitor 類之藥物(B)為 CYP 1A2、CYP 3A4 及 CYP 2C19 之酵素誘導劑(C)因具鎮靜作用

【評論內容】

Adverse Effects>10%

Nausea (40%)

Headache (22-35%)

Somnolence (22-27%)

Weakness (14-26%)

Insomnia (20-35%)

有人失眠有人鎮靜!可以早上吃也可以睡前~看個案狀況

因為有人吃了會嗜睡，怕吃了會影響開車工作

【評論主題】46 王小弟今年 10 歲患有失神性發作（absence seizure），下列處置何者最為適當？(A)因 valproate 較不易造成嗜睡的副作用，建議先以每日口服 5-10 mg/kg 治療(B

【評論內容】

zonisamide

Partial SeizuresInitial: 100 mg PO qDayTitrate up by 100 mg increments q2Week to no more than 600 mg PO qDay (may divide q12hr after 1st week)

topiramate

Partial-Onset or Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures

Monotherapy

Topamax, Topamax Sprinkles: 25 mg PO q12hr initially; may increase by 50 mg/day at weekly intervals to 200 mg PO q12hr

Trokendi XR, Qudexy XR: 50 mg PO qDay initially; may increase by 50 mg/day at weekly intervals for first 4 weeks, then 100 mg/day for weeks 5 to 6; target dose is 200-400 mg/day for partial onset seizures and 400 mg/day for generalized seizures

Adjunct...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】3 下列有關肺炎疫苗的敘述，何者正確？(A) PPV 23 為接合性疫苗，涵蓋 23 種血清型，需每年施打(B) 65 歲以上老人接受 PPV 23 疫苗注射的劑量是一般成年人的一半(C) PCV 7

【評論內容】

PCV13價終身一劑  活化T細胞 五歲以下嬰幼兒

PPV23價5~10年打一劑 活化B細胞 不建議兩歲以下施打

【評論主題】61 下列有關於 thioamides 用於治療甲狀腺功能亢進（hyperthyroidism）敘述，何者錯誤？(A) Propylthiouracil（PTU）可用於孕婦的治療(B) Methima

【評論內容】methimazoleHyperthyroidismInitial:Mild hyperthyroidism: 5 mg orally every 8 hours.Moderately severe hyperthyroidism: 10 mg orally every 8 hours (up to 40 mg per day).Severe hyperthyroidism: 20 mg orally every 8 hours.Maintenance:5 to 15 mg orally daily.

Methimazole Pregnancy Warnings

Methimazole has been assigned to pregnancy category D by the FDA. Methimazole readily crosses the placental membranes and can induce goiter and cretinism in the developing fetus.

The risk is especially high during first trimester (during organogenesis).

The manufacturer recommends using the lowest dose possible if ...

【評論主題】27 目前行政院衛生署中藥查驗登記之規定，如果是傳統經典方、或是在其他國家已作為藥品上市、或是傳統單味中藥所組成的中藥新複方，則該中藥新藥之臨床試驗應：(A)從第一階段開始 (B)從第二階段開始(C)

【評論內容】

十一、申請中藥新藥臨床試驗，如已具備廣泛人體使用經驗，得直接進行療效探索之臨床試驗，以決定中藥是否具有療效或其他可能之適應症。

前項中藥劑量之選擇，如尚有疑問，應備具進行隨機、平行、劑量－反應之早期臨床試驗資料。

十三、申請第三階段臨床試驗，其目的應包括下列各款：

（一）研究療效及不良反應之劑量－反應關係。

（二）試驗用藥長期有效性。

（三）探討藥品使用於更多族群、或用於疾病之不同階段、或與不同藥品合併使用之情形。

【評論主題】34 下列何者不是藥商？(A)藥廠 (B)中藥房 (C)藥局 (D)中藥販賣業者

【評論內容】

第 14 條

本法所稱藥商，係指左列各款規定之業者：

一、藥品或醫療器材販賣業者。

二、藥品或醫療器材製造業者。

第 15 條

本法所稱藥品販賣業者，係指左列各款規定之業者：

一、經營西藥批發、零售、輸入及輸出之業者。

二、經營中藥批發、零售、調劑、輸入及輸出之業者。

第 19 條

本法所稱藥局，係指藥師或藥劑生親自主持，依法執行藥品調劑、供應業務之處所。

前項藥局得兼營藥品及一定等級之醫療器材零售業務。

前項所稱一定等級之醫療器材之範圍及種類，由中央衛生主管機關定之。

第 34 條

藥局應請領藥局執照，並於明顯處標示經營者之身分姓名。其設立、變更登記，準用第二十七條第一項之規定。

藥局兼營第十九條第二項之業務，應適用關於藥商之規定。但無須另行請領藥商許可執照。

【評論主題】39 下列何者不必向行政院衛生署申請查驗登記，即可輸入或製造？(A)防止黑斑化粧品 (B)含果酸洗面乳化粧品 (C)染髮劑 (D)去頭皮屑化粧品

【評論內容】

因為不是含醫療或毒劇藥品的化妝品

所以不用查驗

【評論主題】43 下列有關臨床試驗用藥之敘述，何者正確？(A)雙盲試驗之臨床試驗用藥得以刊載產品代碼替代藥品名稱(B)試驗用藥應為已獲得許可證之藥品(C)臨床試驗用藥不包含安慰劑(D)同批製造未分配使用於臨床試驗

【評論內容】

第 56 條

中藥廠對於臨床試驗用藥之標示，除須符合本法有關規定外，應另標示「臨床試驗專用」、試驗委託者名稱及足以確認試驗場所、研究人員之試驗編號。但屬非開放性試驗（雙盲試驗）之臨床試驗用藥，其應刊載之藥品名稱及藥品之含量，得以刊載產品代碼、編號及包裝批號標示替代之。

第 59 條

中藥廠對於臨床試驗用藥之銷毀作業，不得於未完成所有臨床試驗及最後總合報告前進行。前項銷毀，應(D)製作紀錄，記載完整之銷毀作業，並保存至末效期後一年。

【評論主題】7 藥事法規定，藥品販賣業者不得兼售之產品，不包括下列何者？(A)農藥 (B)動物用藥 (C)毒性化學物質 (D)環境衛生用藥

【評論內容】

藥事法

第 52 條

藥品販賣業者，不得兼售農藥、動物用藥品或其他毒性化學物質。

【評論主題】37.關於管制藥品之管理，下列敘述何者正確？(A)為避免藥癮無法戒除，管制藥品不得用於藥癮治療(B)辦理各級管制藥品之輸入、輸出、製造、販賣、購買，應申請管制藥品登記證，始得為之(C)藥劑生不得擔任管

【評論內容】

!!複習!!

管制藥品之輸入、輸出、製造、販賣、購買，應依下列規定辦理：

一、第四條第一項所定之製藥工廠得辦理第一級、第二級管制藥品之輸入、輸出、製造、販賣。

第 4 條 第一級、第二級管制藥品之輸入、輸出、製造及販賣，應由衛生福利部食品藥物管理署（以下稱食品藥物署）之製藥工廠為之；必要時，其製造得由食品藥物署委託藥商為之。前項製藥工廠得以公司方式設置；其設置另以法律定之。第一項受託藥商之資格、條件、管理及其他應遵行事項之辦法，由中央衛生主管機關定之。

二、第四條第一項所定之受託藥商得製造第一級、第二級管制藥品。

三、西藥製造業或動物用藥品製造業得辦理管制藥品原料藥之購買、輸入及第三級、第四級管制藥品之輸出、...

【評論主題】35 下列瀉劑中，何者於口服後最快產生藥效？(A) Bisacodyl (B) Sodium phosphate (C) Senna (D) Psyllium

【評論內容】Stimulant laxativesStimulant laxatives include the following:Bisacodyl or bisacodyl rectal - Stimulates peristalsis potentially by stimulating the colonic intramural neuronal plexus; alters water and electrolyte secretion, resulting in net intestinal fluid accumulation and laxation; provokes defecation within 24 hours and may cause abdominal crampingSenna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administrationSaline laxativ...

【評論主題】27 目前行政院衛生署中藥查驗登記之規定，如果是傳統經典方、或是在其他國家已作為藥品上市、或是傳統單味中藥所組成的中藥新複方，則該中藥新藥之臨床試驗應：(A)從第一階段開始 (B)從第二階段開始(C)

【評論內容】

十一、申請中藥新藥臨床試驗，如已具備廣泛人體使用經驗，得直接進行療效探索之臨床試驗，以決定中藥是否具有療效或其他可能之適應症。

前項中藥劑量之選擇，如尚有疑問，應備具進行隨機、平行、劑量－反應之早期臨床試驗資料。

十三、申請第三階段臨床試驗，其目的應包括下列各款：

（一）研究療效及不良反應之劑量－反應關係。

（二）試驗用藥長期有效性。

（三）探討藥品使用於更多族群、或用於疾病之不同階段、或與不同藥品合併使用之情形。

【評論主題】34 下列何者不是藥商？(A)藥廠 (B)中藥房 (C)藥局 (D)中藥販賣業者

【評論內容】

第 14 條

本法所稱藥商，係指左列各款規定之業者：

一、藥品或醫療器材販賣業者。

二、藥品或醫療器材製造業者。

第 15 條

本法所稱藥品販賣業者，係指左列各款規定之業者：

一、經營西藥批發、零售、輸入及輸出之業者。

二、經營中藥批發、零售、調劑、輸入及輸出之業者。

第 19 條

本法所稱藥局，係指藥師或藥劑生親自主持，依法執行藥品調劑、供應業務之處所。

前項藥局得兼營藥品及一定等級之醫療器材零售業務。

前項所稱一定等級之醫療器材之範圍及種類，由中央衛生主管機關定之。

第 34 條

藥局應請領藥局執照，並於明顯處標示經營者之身分姓名。其設立、變更登記，準用第二十七條第一項之規定。

藥局兼營第十九條第二項之業務，應適用關於藥商之規定。但無須另行請領藥商許可執照。

【評論主題】43 下列有關臨床試驗用藥之敘述，何者正確？(A)雙盲試驗之臨床試驗用藥得以刊載產品代碼替代藥品名稱(B)試驗用藥應為已獲得許可證之藥品(C)臨床試驗用藥不包含安慰劑(D)同批製造未分配使用於臨床試驗

【評論內容】

第 56 條

中藥廠對於臨床試驗用藥之標示，除須符合本法有關規定外，應另標示「臨床試驗專用」、試驗委託者名稱及足以確認試驗場所、研究人員之試驗編號。但屬非開放性試驗（雙盲試驗）之臨床試驗用藥，其應刊載之藥品名稱及藥品之含量，得以刊載產品代碼、編號及包裝批號標示替代之。

第 59 條

中藥廠對於臨床試驗用藥之銷毀作業，不得於未完成所有臨床試驗及最後總合報告前進行。前項銷毀，應(D)製作紀錄，記載完整之銷毀作業，並保存至末效期後一年。

【評論主題】7 藥事法規定，藥品販賣業者不得兼售之產品，不包括下列何者？(A)農藥 (B)動物用藥 (C)毒性化學物質 (D)環境衛生用藥

【評論內容】

藥事法

第 52 條

藥品販賣業者，不得兼售農藥、動物用藥品或其他毒性化學物質。

【評論主題】34 下列何者不是藥商？(A)藥廠 (B)中藥房 (C)藥局 (D)中藥販賣業者

【評論內容】

第 14 條

本法所稱藥商，係指左列各款規定之業者：

一、藥品或醫療器材販賣業者。

二、藥品或醫療器材製造業者。

第 15 條

本法所稱藥品販賣業者，係指左列各款規定之業者：

一、經營西藥批發、零售、輸入及輸出之業者。

二、經營中藥批發、零售、調劑、輸入及輸出之業者。

第 19 條

本法所稱藥局，係指藥師或藥劑生親自主持，依法執行藥品調劑、供應業務之處所。

前項藥局得兼營藥品及一定等級之醫療器材零售業務。

前項所稱一定等級之醫療器材之範圍及種類，由中央衛生主管機關定之。

第 34 條

藥局應請領藥局執照，並於明顯處標示經營者之身分姓名。其設立、變更登記，準用第二十七條第一項之規定。

藥局兼營第十九條第二項之業務，應適用關於藥商之規定。但無須另行請領藥商許可執照。